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. 2022 Jul 4;7:75. doi: 10.1038/s41541-022-00503-y

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — AAVs are small (~25 nm), non-enveloped viruses and have a 4.8-kb, single-stranded, linear DNA (ssDNA) genome encoding four open reading frames: rep encodes the four genes required for genome replication (Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40), cap encodes the structural proteins of the viral capsid (VP1, VP2, and VP3). When the viral vector is used in vaccinations, the transgene of choice is placed in the promoter at the p40 location.