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. 2022 Jun 21;13:854239. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854239

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Copyright © 2022 Yao, Zhang, Ni, Ji, Hong, Chen, Wang, Li, Lin, Lu, Sheng, Sun, Shi, Zhou and Cai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of CEP on chondrocyte viability. (A) Molecular structure of CEP. (B,C,D) Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of CEP for 24, 48, and 72 h. Mouse chondrocyte viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. (E) Chondrocytes were exposed to 10 ng/ml IL-1β or TNF-α with or without CEP (1, 1.5, and 2 μM), and cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. All experiments were repeated independently three times. Values are expressed as mean ± SD; *p < 0.05 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. the control group.