TABLE 2.

Transthoracic echocardiography measures.

Type of measures	Measures
Left atrial (LA) structure	LA anterior-posterior dimension, LA volume, LA area, LA volume index.
Left ventricular (LV) structure	LV end-diastolic dimension, LV end-systolic dimension, LV wall thickness, LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LV mass, LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness.
Right ventricular (RV) structure	RV end-diastolic area, RV end-systolic area, RV free wall thickness.
Left atrial (LA) function	Passive LAEF, active LAEF, LA function index, LA stiffness index, LA longitudinal strain.
LV systolic function	Longitudinal strain, strain rate, radial strain, ejection fraction, standard deviation in time to peak longitudinal strain.
LV diastolic function	E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, E/E’ ratio, medial and lateral mitral annular velocity (e’), mitral deceleration time.
RV systolic function	Lateral systolic myocardial velocity, RV fractional area change, TAPSE.
Valvular function	Aortic valve: left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral, aortic valve peak velocity, mean gradient transvalvular. Mitral valve: mitral regurgitation jet area.
Pulmonary vascular function	Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, right ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral, peak right ventricle (RV)–right atrium gradient, pulmonary vascular resistance.

LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; RV, right ventricle; LAEF, left atrium ejection fraction; DTI, Doppler tissue imaging; TAPSE, Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.