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. 2022 Jun 21;10:890882. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890882

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Copyright © 2022 Miao, Niibe, Fu, Zhang, Nattasit, Ohori-Morita, Nakamura, Jiang and Egusa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Epfn activation promotes ameloblast induction from mouse iPSCs partially by regulating the BMP-Smad pathway. (A) Diagram of ameloblast induction from Epfn-iPSCs. Dox (1 μg/ml) or 500 nM LDN-193189 (LDN, a BMP inhibitor) was added at stages 2 and 3 to activate Epfn expression or inhibit BMP-Smad signaling, respectively. (B) Western blotting on day 17. (C) Relative quantitative analysis of Western blot results. Different letters (e.g., A,B) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test; n = 3). (D) ARS stain on day 17. Scale bar: 1 cm. (E) Quantification of ARS staining on day 17. Different letters (e.g., A,B) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test; n = 3).