Table 1.

The multi-billion dollar per year global carotid procedural industry (29–34).

Country	Procedures done/Year	Asymptomatic stenosis patients (%)	Procedural cost	Procedural complication cost∧
United States of America	135,000*	92	2.7 billion	+ More
Germany	33,000*	57	0.7 billion	+ More
United Kingdom	5,700**	15	0.1 billion	+ More
Australia	3,200*	0–79	64 million	+ More
Total			3.6 billion	+ More

^*CEA & CAS; ^**CEA only; 2005–2007 US estimates for procedural cost: $20,000/CEA, $35,000/stent. ^∧Complications such as death (~1%), stroke (~1–10%) and myocardial infarction (~1%).