TABLE 1.
Baseline information.
| Level | Overall | Short | Prolong | P-value | |
| n | 365 | 274 | 91 | ||
| Recipient age (years) [mean (SD)] | 47.20 (12.28) | 47.08 (11.97) | 47.58 (13.22) | 0.734 | |
| Donor age (years) [mean (SD)] | 35.58 (11.76) | 34.80 (11.49) | 37.95 (12.32) | 0.027 | |
| Donor gender (%) | Male | 330 (90.4) | 247 (90.1) | 83 (91.2) | 0.926 |
| Female | 35 (9.6) | 27 (9.9) | 8 (8.8) | ||
| BMI ratio (Recipient BMI/Donor BMI) [mean (SD)] | 0.99 (0.20) | 1.00 (0.20) | 0.99 (0.21) | 0.734 | |
| Recipient blood type (%) | A | 128 (35.1) | 88 (36.7) | 40 (32) | 0.802 |
| B | 102 (27.9) | 65 (27.1) | 37 (29.6) | ||
| AB | 118 (32.3) | 76 (31.7) | 42 (33.6) | ||
| O | 17 (4.7) | 11 (4.6) | 6 (4.8) | ||
| Blood type match (%) | No | 60 (16.4) | 44 (16.1) | 16 (17.6) | 0.860 |
| Yes | 305 (83.6) | 230 (83.9) | 75 (82.4) | ||
| NYHA (%) | 3 | 18 (4.9) | 12 (4.4) | 6 (6.6) | 0.779 |
| 4 | 328 (89.9) | 247 (90.1) | 81 (89.0) | ||
| Cardiovascular surgery (%) | No | 272 (74.5) | 202 (73.7) | 70 (76.9) | 0.640 |
| Yes | 93 (25.5) | 72 (26.3) | 21 (23.1) | ||
| Smoking (%) | No | 178 (48.8) | 127 (46.4) | 51 (56.0) | 0.138 |
| Yes | 187 (51.2) | 147 (53.6) | 40 (44.0) | ||
| Alcohol (%) | No | 252 (69.0) | 187 (68.2) | 65 (71.4) | 0.662 |
| Yes | 113 (31.0) | 87 (31.8) | 26 (28.6) | ||
| K+ (mmol/L) | Normal (3.5–5.5) | 231 (63.3) | 170 (62.0) | 61 (67.0) | 0.299 |
| Low (<3.5) | 130 (35.6) | 102 (37.2) | 28 (30.8) | ||
| High (≥5.5) | 4 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (2.2) | ||
| ALT (U/L) | Normal (0–40) | 254 (69.6) | 188 (68.6) | 66 (72.5) | 0.567 |
| High (≥40) | 111 (30.4) | 86 (31.4) | 25 (27.5) | ||
| AST (U/L) | Normal (0–40) | 280 (76.7) | 213 (77.7) | 67 (73.6) | 0.509 |
| High (≥40) | 85 (23.3) | 61 (22.3) | 24 (26.4) | ||
| Cr (μ moI/L) | Normal (<106) | 259 (71.0) | 206 (75.2) | 53 (58.2) | 0.003 |
| High (≥106) | 106 (29.0) | 68 (24.8) | 38 (41.8) | ||
| INR (%) | Normal (0.8–1.3) | 304 (83.3) | 233 (85.0) | 71 (78.0) | 0.279 |
| Low (≤0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | ||
| High (≥1.3) | 57 (15.6) | 38 (13.9) | 19 (20.9) | ||
| BNP (pg/ml) | Normal (<100) | 56 (15.3) | 45 (16.4) | 11 (12.1) | 0.409 |
| High (≥100) | 309 (84.7) | 229 (83.6) | 80 (87.9) | ||
| LDL (mg/dl) | Normal (<3.4) | 337 (92.3) | 251 (91.6) | 86 (94.5) | 0.501 |
| High (≥3.4) | 28 (7.7) | 23 (8.4) | 5 (5.5) | ||
| Renal complication (%) | No | 318 (87.1) | 249 (90.9) | 69 (75.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 47 (12.9) | 25 (9.1) | 22 (24.2) | ||
| Hepatic complication (%) | No | 340 (93.2) | 258 (94.2) | 82 (90.1) | 0.278 |
| Yes | 25 (6.8) | 16 (5.8) | 9 (9.9) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | No | 302 (82.7) | 225 (82.1) | 77 (84.6) | 0.699 |
| Yes | 63 (17.3) | 49 (17.9) | 14 (15.4) | ||
| Diabetes (%) | No | 305 (83.6) | 231 (84.3) | 74 (81.3) | 0.615 |
| Yes | 60 (16.4) | 43 (15.7) | 17 (18.7) | ||
| Extracorporeal circulation time (minutes) [mean (SD)] | 118.53 (63.16) | 113.13 (65.19) | 134.78 (53.74) | 0.004 | |
| Aortic cross clamp time (minutes) [mean (SD)] | 32.75 (15.71) | 31.69 (10.23) | 35.93 (25.82) | 0.025 | |
| Surgery time (minutes) [mean (SD)] | 260.06 (75.48) | 248.48 (64.34) | 294.93 (94.05) | <0.001 | |
| Chest re-exploration (%) | No | 354 (97.0) | 270 (98.5) | 84 (92.3) | 0.008 |
| Yes | 11 (3.0) | 4 (1.5) | 7 (7.7) | ||
| IABP (%) | No | 203 (55.6) | 175 (63.9) | 28 (30.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 162 (44.4) | 99 (36.1) | 63 (69.2) | ||
| ECMO (%) | No | 346 (94.8) | 271 (98.9) | 75 (82.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 19 (5.2) | 3 (1.1) | 16 (17.6) | ||
| CRRT (%) | No | 319 (87.4) | 256 (93.4) | 63 (69.2) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 46 (12.6) | 18 (6.6) | 28 (30.8) |
Aortic Cross Clamp Time refers to the time of aortic occlusion during the cardiac surgery.
Renal/hepatic complications refer to post-operative renal or hepatic damage that maybe related to the transplant as demonstrated by significant elevation of serum levels of ALT/AST or Cr. ECMO was used as arterio-venous ECMO providing both cardiac and respiratory support or as V-V ECMO, which only provides oxygenation.
Intra-aortic balloon pump is an important physiologic adjunct in the temporary support for the failing myocardium.
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is common practice in critical care patients with acute renal failure.
Chest Re-exploration means that post-operative patients had emergencies like a massive hemorrhage in the thoracic cavity, compressing the pulmonary tissue and resulting in atelectasis.
High Cr in our study as value of creatinine above the normal range (108 μmoI/L).
High ALT/AST in our study as value of ALT/AST above 40 U/L.
The normal INR/BNP/LDL range was 0.8–1.3, <100 pg/ml and <3.4 mg/dl. Variables with p-values less than 0.05 are bolded.