Fig. 4.

Schematical phylogeny of helminths. The phylum Nematoda is composed of classes Enoplea and Chromadorea, which are subdivided into subclasses Dorylaimia, Enoplia and Chromadoria and their respective clades, as illustrated. Parasitic organisms in the phylum Platyhelminthes are represented by the superclass Neodermata, which is divided into classes Trematoda, Cestoda and Monogenea. Note that Cestodaria is not used to refer to Amphilinidea + Gyrocotilidea since it is no longer a valid taxon. This figure was created using BioRender.com.