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. 2022 May 18;28(8):1183–1194. doi: 10.1111/cns.13849

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Nano‐packed coenzyme Q10 prevented neuronal ferroptosis under acute hypobaric hypoxia via reducing formaldehyde (FA) accumulation. (A) The levels of iron in the cerebrum detected with quantitative assay kit (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0093). (B) Lipid ROS detected by flow cytometry with a lipid peroxidation sensor (BODIPY 581/591 C11). The levels of cerebral GSH (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0015) (C), GPx4 (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0070) (D), GSSG (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0122) (E), and MDA (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0022) (F) quantified by assay kits. Changes of the neuronal injuries in prefrontal cortex (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p = 0.0022) (G), striatum (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p < 0.0001) (H), hippocampus (HH vs. HH + CoQ10: p = 0.0022) (I) and amygdala (HH vs. HH + CoQ10: p = 0.0024) (J) detected by confocal with MAP2 (green) using confocal imaging. Scale bar = 50 μm. (K) Changes of myelin in corpus callosum detected by MBP using confocal imaging (HH vs. HH + CoQ10, p < 0.0001). Scale bar = 50 μm. (L) Changes of neurons quantified by fluorescent intensity detected by MAP2 using confocal imaging (H‐8 h vs. H‐8 h + CoQ10, p = 0.0028). Scale bar = 20 μm. Changes of presynaptic protein (H‐8 h vs. H‐8 h + CoQ10, p < 0.0001) (M) and postsynaptic protein (H‐8 h vs. H‐8 h + CoQ10, p = 0.0022) (N) quantified by fluorescent intensity of SYP and PSD‐95 respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm. FA: formaldehyde; sham: unexposed control group; CTL: unexposed to HH but intragastrically administrated with CoQ10; HH: exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia; HH + CoQ: intragastric administration with CoQ10 prior to HH exposure; FA + CoQ: intraperitoneal injection of FA and intragastric administration with CoQ10; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GPx4: glutathione peroxidase 4; MDA: malondialdehyde; H‐8 h: hypoxia for 8 h; H‐8 h + CoQ10: hypoxia for 8 h and incubated with CoQ10; PFC: prefrontal cortex; HPC: hippocampus; CC: corpus callosum; MBP: myelin basic protein; MAP2: microtubule‐associated protein 2; DAPI: 2‐(4‐Amidinophenyl)‐6‐indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride; SYP: synaptophysin; PSD‐95: postsynaptic density 95. N = 6 in each group, with three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ns: p > 0.05, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001