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. 2022 May 29;18(9):3845–3858. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.70958

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The VEGF-VEGFR signaling pathway. VEGF-A binds to VEGFR-2 for dimerization, autophosphorylation, and activation leading to endothelial cell survival, proliferation, permeability, and migration. mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, MAP kinase kinase.