Table 2.

Summary of various biosensors for HIV and HPV detection.

Platform	ECL luminophor	Type of Virus detection	ECL pathway	Linear ranges	LOD	Matrix	Ref
ECL	RGO@Au composite	HIV Immunosensor	coreactant	10 ng mL−1 to 1 pg mL−1	1 ng mL−1	serum samples	[64]
ECL	Ti3C2Tx MXenes modified ZIF-8	HIV aptasensor	coreactant	1 nM 1 fM to	0.3 fM	Serum sample	[65]
ECL	CdSe QDs-DNA nano-network	HIV Genosensor	coreactant	0.5 μM to 5 fM,	2.4 fM	serum samples	[66]
ECL	CdSe/ZnS quantum dots @poly(styrene/acrylamide) nanospheres	HIV Genosensor	coreactant	50 nM to 0.5 pM	39.81 fM		[67]
ECL	EuS NCs	HIV Genosensor	coreactant	0.3 nM to 0.3 fM	0.3 fM	Serum sample	[68]
ECL	AuNCs	HPV Genosensor	coreactant	0.1 fM to 10 nM	0.06 fM	Clinical samples	[69]
ECL	Ru(phen)32+	HPV Genosensor	coreactant	1 fM to 15 pM	7.6 fM	Clinical samples	[70]
ECL	AuNCs	HPV Genosensor	coreactant	10 nM to 1pM	0.48 pM	Blood sample	[71]