Table 3.

Summary of various biosensors for hepatitis virus detection.

Platform	ECL Luminophor	Type of Virus detection	target	Linear ranges	ECL pathway	LOD	matrix	Ref
	Eu-MOF (EuBTC)	immunosensor	procalcitonin (PCT) ((hepatitis B))	(10 fg mL−1-100 ng mL−1)	Coreactant	3.65 fg mL−1		[80]
rGO-TEPA	Au@Pt Nanoparticles	immunosensor	HBsAg hepatitis B	0.25 pg mL−1 to 400 ng mL−1	Coreactant	0.08 pg mL−1	human serum	[82]
MoS2 nanosheets	sulfur doped boron nitrogen QDs (S-BN QDs)	Genosensor	hepatitis C virus (HCV) gene	0.5 pM to 1 nM	Coreactant	0.17 pM	human serum	[77]
polymer material	[Ru(bpy)3]2+ -Polymer	Genosensor	HBsAg gene of the Hepatitis B virus	102 aM–106 aM	Coreactant	100 aM	serum	[83]
Graphene nano sheets	CdTe QDs	Genosensor	DNA HBV and DNA HCV	0.0005–0.5 nM And 0.001–1.0 nM	Coreactant	0.082 pM and 0.34 pM	human serum	[78]
DTC-DNA/MCH/ethylenedianmine/GQDs	graphene quantum dots (GQDs)	Genosensor	hepatitis C virus-	5 fM to 100 pM	Coreatant	0.45 fM	Not mentioned	[79]
paper-based BPE	[Ru(bpy)3]2+	Genosensor	hepatitis B virus gene (HBV)	0.2 to 100 fM	Coreactant	0.2 fM	Serum	[84]
GCE/ABEI-PEI/ternary NCs/CS	N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI)	Genosensor	HBV-related DNA	0.01–100 fM	Coreactant	down to 65 aM	human serum	[85]
poly(aniline-luminol)-MWCNTs	Luminol	Genosensor	hepatitis B virus	10−16–10−7 M	Coreactant	2.4 × 10−17 M	Serum	[86]
Au electrode (CHI101)	(phen)2dppz]2+ complex	Genosensor	hepatitis B virus gene (HBV)	0–0.75–0.017 cps μL−1	Coreactant	0.05 cps μL−1	genome extracted from real samples	[81]