Table 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline
| Non-CKD (n=6) | CKD (n=8) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age, y | 68.3 ± 9.4 | 67.6 ± 8.0 |
| Female sex | 4 (67) | 5 (63) |
| Race | ||
| White | 4 (67) | 4 (50) |
| Black or African American | 1 (17) | 3 (38) |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1 (17) | 0 |
| More than one race | 0 | 1 (13) |
| Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity | 0 | 1 (13) |
| Clinical Measurements | ||
| Office SBP, mm Hg | 116.2 ± 10.8 | 121.9 ± 12.1 |
| Office DBP, mm Hg | 64.5 ± 11.9 | 68.3 ± 3.6 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.7 ± 5.1 | 29.6 ± 3.2 |
| Ideal–body weight, kg | 64.3 ± 7.2 | 58.9 ± 8.3 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 106.7 ± 11.5 | 104.9 ± 8.5 |
| Laboratory Measurements | ||
| Spot UACR, mg/g | 8.8 (3.6, 15.4) | 22.5 (13.1, 76.4) |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 85.9 ± 12.0 | 50.7 ± 9.2 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/l | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.5 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mEq/l | 23.3 ± 1.2 | 23.5 ± 0.9 |
| Serum calcium, mg/dl | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.5 ± 0.5 |
| Health History and Behavior | ||
| History of hypertension | 3 (50) | 6 (75) |
| Use of thiazide or loop diuretics | 1 (17) | 4 (50) |
| Currently smokes cigarettes | 1 (17) | 0 |
| Physical activity, kcal·kg−1·d−1 | 34.6 (27.5, 67.3) | 46.2 (29.3, 77.5) |
| Baseline Dietary Intake | ||
| Total kilocalories per day | 2329.5 ± 485.3 | 2018.6 ± 706.2 |
| Protein, g/d | 87.2 ± 27.1 | 82.1 ± 47.9 |
| Potassium, mg/d | 3125.9 ± 948.9 | 2682.2 ± 1355.2 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 4070.9 ± 1791.5 | 3041.0 ± 1002.5 |
| Phosphorus, mg/d | 1557.0 ± 503.9 | 1340.4 ± 728.1 |
| Fiber, g/d | 23.2 ± 11.0 | 17.4 ± 8.9 |
| Fruits (excluding juice), cups/d | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 1.2 |
| Total vegetables, cups/d | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
| Dark green vegetables, cups/d | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.7 |
| Legumes, cups/d | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.8 |
| Meat, poultry and seafood, oz/d | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 4.6 ± 2.8 |
| Dairy, cups/d | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.8 |
Continuous data are shown as means ± standard deviations or medians [interquartile range]; categorical data as frequency counts (percentages). CKD, chronic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine