Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the individuals.
| PAD case (n = 5759) |
PAD control (n = 481,561) |
p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 61.08 (6.81) | 56.48 (8.09) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male (%) | 3784 (65.71) | 219,307 (45.54) | 5.54 × 10−215 |
| Race | |||
| White, n (%) | 5497 (95.45) | 453,753 (94.23) | 1.91 × 10−5 |
| Black, n (%) | 52 (0.09) | 7592 (1.58) | |
| Asian, n (%) | 111 (1.93) | 10,809 (2.24) | |
| Others, n (%) | 99 (1.72) | 9407 (1.95) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 142.78 (20.36) | 137.76 (18.63) | 3.13 × 10−74 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 80.40 (10.71) | 82.24 (10.14) | 4.26 × 10−36 |
| Smoking status, current smoker (%) | 1432 (24.87) | 49,769 (10.33) | 1.60 × 10−92 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.06 (1.25) | 5.70 (1.14) | 4.31 × 10−283 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mean (SD), mmol/L | 1.30 (0.39) | 1.45 (0.38) | 4.21 × 10−155 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1652 (28.69) | 37,026 (7.69) | < 0.001 |
| CAD, n (%) | 2183 (37.91) | 26,561 (5.52) | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 642 (11.15) | 9405 (1.95) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 498 (8.65) | 5165 (1.07) | < 0.001 |
| CAD in a 1st degree relative, n (%) | 3048 (52.93) | 210,354 (43.68) | 1.39 × 10−47 |
| Statin usage, n (%) | 3060 (53.13) | 78,207 (16.24) | < 0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medications, n (%) | 3120 (54.18) | 79,562 (16.52) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure-lowering medications, n (%) | 3260 (55.61) | 102,903 (21.37) | < 0.001 |
a
Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test for continuous variable, and chi-squared test for categorical variable.
CAD, coronary artery disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease.