Figure 7.

Bt improved hepatic mitochondrial fitness and function (a) Liver expression of PPAR-α, TFAM, PGC-1α, PGC-1β fold over Pair fed vehicle group and determined by qPCR (Pair fed groups = n4-5; EtOH groups = n6-7). (b) Representative pictures of protein levels of actin, respiratory chain complexes I, II and V determined by western blot analysis (Pair fed groups = n3; EtOH groups = n5), and and hepatic ATP content (Pair fed groups = n4; EtOH groups = n5). (c) Liver expression of CPT-1a fold over Pair fed vehicle group and determined by qPCR (Pair fed groups = n4; EtOH groups = n5); and representative pictures of protein levels of actin and VDAC1determined by western blot analysis (Pair fed groups = n3; EtOH groups = n5). (d) Serum levels of Triglycerides (Pair fed groups = n5; EtOH groups = n9), and liver expression of DGAT1 fold over Pair fed vehicle group and determined by qPCR (Pair fed groups = n4-5; EtOH groups = n9-10). (e) Hepatic SOD enzymatic activity (Pair fed groups = n4; EtOH groups = n4) and expression of PRDX-3 and −5 fold over Pair fed vehicle group and determined by qPCR (Pair fed groups = n5-6; EtOH groups = n9); and serum MDA- and HNE- protein adducts (Pair fed groups = n4; EtOH groups = n4). Data are expressed in mean ± SEM; *p < .05, **p < .01; ***p < .001, ****p < .0001 according to one-Way ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis (Bonferroni test).

Abbreviations: PPAR-α, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptorα; PGC-1α/β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α/β; TFAM, Transcription Factor A, mitochondrial; CPT-1a, Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a; VDAC1, Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1; DGAT1, Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; PRDX-3/5, Peroxiredoxin 3/5; MDA, Malondialdehyde; HNE, 4Hydroxynonenal; Bt, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.