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. 2022 Jul 5;23(4):569–581. doi: 10.1007/s10339-022-01101-5

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the sample (N = 752)

Item Value Test p-value
Categorical variables
Gender, n (%)
Males 351 (46.7) χ2 = 3.32 .07
Females 401 (53.3)
Age, n (%)
18 to 24 years 257 (34.2) χ2 = 4.26 .08
24 to 30 years 295 (39.2)
Over 30 years 200(26.6)
Education, n (%)
Primary 106 (14.2) χ2 = 397  < .001
Higher education 646 (85.8)
Continuous variables Mean, SD
Age (years) 32.47 8.42 t(1, 750) = 0.48 .62
Fear of COVID-19 11.90 3.97 t(1, 750) = 2.60  < .01
Mental health problems 25.43 8.27 t(1, 750) = 1.93 .054
Neuroticism 19.81 4.80 t(1, 750) = 2.31 .02
Attention 3.35 1.44 t(1, 750) = 3.05  < .01
Awareness 3.72 1.75 t(1, 750) = 1.52 .16
Outlook 3.10 1..62 t(1, 750) = 1.83 .06
Resilience 3.81 1.69 t(1, 750) = 2.29 p = .02
Social intuition 2.53 1.28 t(1, 750) = 1.42 .15
Context sensitivity 3.40 1.07 t(1, 750) = 0.39 .52
Healthy emotionality 78.50 17.09 t(1, 750) = 2.32 p = .01

n = frequency; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; t = independent t-test to compare gender; the absolute value of the t-statistic is being used