Table 1. Significantly perturbed metabolic pathways identified by integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis.

Metabolic Pathways	Total	Hits	p-value	Impact
Retinol metabolism	45	10	5.63E-06	0.54545
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	59	10	7.02E-05	0.51724
Arginine biosynthesis	27	6	0.00048	0.5
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis	12	4	0.000875	0.36364
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism	17	4	0.003613	0.1875
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism	72	8	0.006405	0.47887
Propanoate metabolism	48	6	0.010217	0.3617
Arginine and proline metabolism	78	8	0.010336	0.44156
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis	36	5	0.012165	0.54286
Cysteine and methionine metabolism	71	7	0.019849	0.64286
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)	42	5	0.022807	0.43902
Linoleic acid metabolism	17	3	0.026903	0.5
Pyruvate metabolism	45	5	0.02987	0.45455
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	32	4	0.034805	0.22581
Steroid hormone biosynthesis	175	12	0.038768	0.22989
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	34	4	0.042299	0.30303

The “Total” column represents total numbers of metabolites and proteins involved in the pathways; The “Hits” column represents hit numbers of metabolites or proteins involved in the pathways.