Figure 1. Schematic illustration showing tissue engineered heart valves strategies. (a) In situ, tissue engineered heart valve approaches are derived from decellularised homograft or xenograft scaffolds and can be reshaped by various cells and tissue sources. (b) Bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds can be manufactured by the method of electrostatic spinning and implanted in vivo without cell growth. (c) Bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds are pre-seeded with autologous cells. (d) In vivo, a non-degradable valve scaffold is implanted subcutaneously in an animal to induce the formation of fibrous tissue. (e) In vitro, autologous or allogeneic cells are cultured on a bioresorbable synthetic scaffold in a bioreactor system with a culture medium (M). Created with smart.server.com and ChemDraw.