Table 1. Mechanical performance of commercial pure (CP) titanium, stainless steel and cobalt–chromium alloys for surgical implant application.

	Yield strength (MPa)	Ultimate tensile strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
CP Ti
Grade 1	170	240	24
Grade 2	275	345	20
Grade 3	380	450	18
Grade 4	483	550	15
Stainless steel
18Cr-14Ni-2.5Mo
Annealed	190	490	40
Cold-worked	690	860	12
Co-28Cr-6Mo
Annealed	517	897	20
Hot-worked	700	1000	12

Note: Superscript a indicates a different grade of CP Ti which often means a different oxygen content. Data are from ASTM International.^16-18