Table 1.

Axicabtagene ciloleucel background information.

Pharmacological class	CD19-directed, genetically-modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy
Mechanism of action	Following anti-CD19 CAR T-cell engagement with CD19-expressing target cells, the CD28 and CD3-zeta co-stimulatory domains activate downstream signaling cascades that lead to T-cell activation, proliferation, acquisition of effector functions and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This sequence of events leads to apoptosis and necrosis of CD19-expressing target cells.
Pharmacokinetics in FL	Following infusion, axicabtagene ciloleucel exhibited an initial rapid expansion phase, achieving maximal expansion 8 days following infusion and persisting in the peripheral blood for a median of 6 months. Cytokine and chemokine levels peaked within the first 14 days and generally returned to baseline within 28 days.
Approval in FLa	For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory FL after 2 or more lines of systemic therapy (2021)
Other approvals	For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory largeB-cell lymphoma after 2 or more lines of systemic therapy, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, high grade B-cell lymphoma, and DLBCL arising from FL (2017). Limitations of use: not indicated for the treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Under accelerated approval.

Abbreviation: FL, follicular lymphoma.