Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DNP in rats enhanced spinal cord dorsal horn CXCR4 and c-fos and decreased GFAP at 5 weeks (e–h) yet not at 2 weeks (a–d) of diabetes. (a, e) c-fos, GFAP, and CXCR4 expression in the spinal cord, according to western blotting, at 2 and 5 weeks after intravenous STZ-induced diabetes (Dia) and at 2 and 5 weeks after injection of saline (saline control group). (b–d, f–h) Quantification of c-fos, GFAP, and CXCR4 levels in the spinal cord. Apart from that, western blot results can be shown to be means ± SD. ∗P < 0.05 in relative to saline group, n = 6/group. S = saline; Dia = diabetes.