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. 2022 Apr 12;44(4):547–564. doi: 10.1007/s00281-022-00935-7

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of TGR5 activation on liver inflammation. Activation arrows are indicated in black and inhibition arrows in red. AKT-mTOR: protein kinase B—mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; IκBα: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha; LCA: lithocholic acid; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NLRP3: NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain–containing protein 3; TGR5: takeda-G-protein-receptor-5