Fig. 2.

Antigens in different types of autoimmune liver diseases and their role in GMP Treg therapy. There are known antigens in PBC; pyruvate dehydrogenase complex -E2 protein from biliary epithelium mitochondria (PDCE2) and type 2 AIH; cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6) and FTCD. AIH1 is associated with diverse antigens including histone proteins, ribonucleoproteins, double-stranded DNA, F-actin and SepSecS. Antigens involved in PSC are still unknown and may be liver or gut derived, considering that around 70% of PSC patients also have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microbes and microbiome in inflamed small and large bowel have significant influence on IBD pathogenesis and disease progression and resolution. Clinical grade, good manufacturing practice (GMP) Treg is applicable in AIH, PBC and PSC to restore hepatic tolerance. Autologous Treg from AILD patient’s peripheral blood can be expanded in GMP cell culture media with cytokines and TCR stimulation to get suitable cell number for therapeutic infusion. GMP Treg could be applied as either polyclonal (type 1 AIH and PSC) or antigen-specific (type 2 AIH and PBC) in autoimmune liver diseases