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. 2022 Jul 5;13:3875. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31479-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Schematic illustration of the preparation of HCM NPs (amine-functionalized HA (A-HA), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (NHS)). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of HA-Ce6 nanoparticles (HC NPs) (b) and HCM NPs (c) with low magnification (left) and high magnification (right). Three independent experiments were performed and representative results are shown in b and c. d Hydrodynamic sizes of HC NPs and HCM NPs measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). e Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectra of Ce6, MNZ, HA, HC NPs, and HCM NPs. f Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectra of Ce6, MNZ, HA, HC NPs, and HCM NPs. Inset: photographs of different solutions (a: HC NPs; b: HCM NPs; c: Ce6; d: MNZ). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.