Table 1.
List of included studies.
| First author (Publication Year) | Blind assessment | Sample size | Age (years) Mean | Male (%) | Trial duration | Diagnostic tools | Primary APs | Treatment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-RCTs | |||||||||
| Chen CY (2011) | Open-label | 9 | 48.33 | 100 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Switching to ARI | [54] |
| Lu ML (2008) | Open-label | 20 | 31.70 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/SUL | Switching to ARI | [55] |
| Lee BH (2006) | Open-label | 7 | 35 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/AMI | Switching to ARI | [56] |
| Kinon BJ (2006) | Open-label | 54 | 39.25 | 48.14 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to OLA | [18] |
| Nakajima M (2005) | Open-label | 25 | 52.16 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to QUE | [57] |
| Takahashi H (2003) | Open-label | 16 | 25.69 | 0 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/HAL | Switching to QUE | [19] |
| Kawabe (2013) | Open-label | 10 | 53.9 | 50 | 12 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to BLO | [58] |
| Hatzimanolis J (1998) | Open-label | 17 | 33.3 | NR | 6 weeks | DSM-III | FGAs | Switching to CLO | [59] |
| Markianos M (1999) | Open-label | 31 | 30.4 | NR | 6 weeks | DSM-III | FGAs | Switching to CLO | [20] |
| Kim KS (2002) | Open-label | 20 | 34.4 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Switching to OLA | [60] |
| Takeuchi H (2010) | Open-label | 32 | 54.6 | 56.3 | 56 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [61] |
| Woo YS (2016) | Open-label | 77 | 36.2 | 37.7 | 24 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [62] |
| Kelly DL (2021) | Open-label | 50 | 40.4 | 74 | 6 months | NR | PAL(LAI) | Switching to ARI(LAI) | [63] |
| Woo YS (2019) | Open-label | 33 | NR | NR | 12 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to BLO | [13] |
| Ichinose M (2021) | Open-label | 27 | 57.6 | 59.26 | 8 weeks | DSM-5 | Various | Switching to BRE | [12] |
| Kinon BJ (2000) | Open-label | 45 | NR | NR | 3 weeks | NR | RIS | Switching to OLA | [64] |
| Montejo AL (2009) | Open-label | 20 | 38.4 | 65 | 6 months | NR | Various | Switching to QUE | [65] |
| Jen YW (2020) | Open-label | 63 | 38.7 | 41.27 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [66] |
| Takeuchi H (2008) | Open-label | 53 | 53.74 | 56.6 | 14 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [16] |
| Hashimoto N (2015) | Open-label | 22 | 52.1 | 45.45 | 12 months | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [14] |
| Kim SW (2009) | Open-label | 61 | 30.8 | 44.3 | 26 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI | [67] |
| Nishimoto M (2012) | Open-label | 7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Switching to ARI | [68] |
| Fujioi J (2017) | Open-label | 21 | 41.3 | 42.86 | 24 weeks | NR | Various | Adjunctive ARI | [69] |
| Ziadi Trives M (2013) | Open-label | 13 | 41 | 12.5 | 3 months | NR | RIS(LAI) | Adjunctive ARI | [70] |
| Van Kooten M (2011) | Open-label | 12 | 47.6 | 91.7 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS(LAI) | Adjunctive ARI | [71] |
| Yasui-Furukori (2010) | Open-label | 17 | 44 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Adjunctive ARI | [72] |
| Chen CK (2010) | Open-label | 26 | 37.38 | 50 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/AMI/SUL | Adjunctive ARI | [73] |
| Chen JX (2009) | Open-label | 19 | NR | NR | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Adjunctive ARI | [74] |
| Arnaiz A (2021) | Open-label | 74 | 44.47 | 72.97 | 1 month | DSM-IV | RIS/PAL | Adjunctive ARI | [75] |
| Raveendranthan D (2018) | Open-label | 16 | 29.4 | 23.08 | 24 months | ICD-10 | RIS/AMI/OLA | Adjunctive ARI | [9] |
| Jung DU (2011) | Open-label | 24 | NR | 0 | 3 months | DSM-IV | RIS | Adjunctive ARI | [76] |
| Sajeev Kumar PB (2010) | Open-label | 10 | NR | NR | 48 weeks | NR | Various | Adjunctive ARI | [77] |
| Kalkavoura CS (2013) | Open-label | 80 | 43.6 | 56.25 | 6 months | DSM-IV | Various | Adjunctive DA | [22] |
| Coronas R (2012) | Open-label | 6 | 31.1 | 33.33 | 12 months | DSM-IV | Various | Adjunctive DA | [78] |
| Cavallaro R (2004) | Open-label | 19 | 33.7 | 31.58 | 6 months | DSM-IV | RIS | Adjunctive DA | [79] |
| Bliesener N (2004) | Open-label | 5 | NR | NR | NR | DSM-IV | AMI | Adjunctive DA | [80] |
| Hashimoto (2014) | Open-label | 20 | 42.9 | 50 | 2–4 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/PAL | Adjunctive DA | [21] |
| Siever LJ (1981) | Open-label | 11 | NR | 12.5 | 2 weeks | NR | FGAs | Adjunctive DA | [23] |
| Cohn JB (1985) | Open-label | 11 | NR | 44.44 | 6 weeks | NR | THI | Adjunctive DA | [81] |
| RCTs | |||||||||
| Lee BJ (2013) | double | 29 | 50.78 | 72.41 | 24 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Switch_ARI_ti_ta/Placebo | [82] |
| Ryckmans V (2009) | Open-label | 400 | 41.10 | 56 | 12 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Switch_ARI_ti_ta / Switch_ARI_fixed_ta | [15] |
| Byerly MJ (2008) | double | 42 | 42.30 | 52.38 | 8 weeks | NR | RIS | Switching to QUE/Placebo | [17] |
| Byerly MJ (2009) | Open-label | 105 | 40 | 72.38 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | Switch_ARI_fixed_im/Switch_ARI_fixed_ta/Switch_ARI_ti_ta | [11] |
| Huang P (2011) | Open-label | 67 | 23.73 | 0 | 3 months | CCMD-3 | Various | Switch_ARI_ti_ta/PGD | [83] |
| Hwang TJ (2015) | Open-label | 79 | 39.52 | 40.5 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switch_ARI_fixed_im/Switch_ARI_fixed_ta | [84] |
| Chen JX (2015) | double | 120 | 33.57 | 47.5 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | ARI_5/ARI_10/ARI_more_10/Placebo | [85] |
| Shim JC (2007) | double | 54 | 39.39 | 40.74 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | HAL | ARI_more_10/Placebo | [86] |
| Kelly DL (2018) | double | 42 | 37.03 | 0 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | ARI_10/Placebo | [87] |
| Qiao Y (2016) | single | 60 | 33.35 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS/PAL | ARI_5/Placebo | [10] |
| Zhao J (2015) | single | 107 | 29.67 | 41.12 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | ARI_10/Placebo | [88] |
| Xu LP (2006) | single | 60 | 25 | 0 | 6 weeks | CCMD-3 | RIS/SUL | ARI_5/Placebo | [89] |
| Ji JY (2008) | single | 117 | 25 | 0 | 6 weeks | CCMD-3 | RIS | ARI_5/Placebo | [90] |
| Chen HZ (2009) | double | 65 | 30.5 | 100 | 8 weeks | CCMD-3 | RIS | ARI_5/Placebo | [91] |
| Liu ZB (2011) | Open-label | 142 | 38.75 | 61.25 | 26 weeks | CCMD-3 | Various | ARI_5/Placebo | [92] |
| Chen JX (2014) | double | 116 | 34.04 | 63.79 | 8 weeks | ICD-10 | RIS | ARI_more_10/Placebo | [93] |
| Liang J (2014) | double | 40 | 30.45 | 37.5 | 4 weeks | DSM-IV | PAL | ARI_10/Placebo | [94] |
| Wang HL (2014) | double | 178 | 34.69 | 50 | 6 weeks | CCMD-3 | Various | ARI_5/ARI_10 | [95] |
| Xia SY (2014) | Open-label | 67 | 32.02 | 0 | 6 months | NR | Various | ARI_5/PGD | [27] |
| Xu CX (2015) | Open-label | 193 | 36.78 | 41.96 | 12 weeks | CCMD-3 | RIS/AMI | ARI_5/ARI_10/ARI_more_10/Placebo | [96] |
| Chen HM (2016) | double | 61 | 33.43 | 0 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | ARI_5/ARI_10/ARI_more_10/Placebo | [97] |
| Zhang LG (2018) | double | 58 | 35.13 | 100 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | RIS | ARI_5/ARI_10/ARI_more_10/Placebo | [98] |
| Wu RR (2012) | double | 84 | 26.4 | 0 | 6 months | DSM-IV | Various | MET/Placebo | [24] |
| Xia JX (2011) | Open-label | 143 | NR | 60.14 | 6 months | CCMD-3 | RIS | MET/Placebo | [99] |
| Yuan HN (2008) | single | 20 | 30.45 | 0 | 12 weeks | ICD-10 | RIS | DA/Placebo | [100] |
| Yu RL (2010) | Open-label | 63 | 26.15 | 0 | 12 weeks | NR | Various | DA/PGD | [28] |
| Yang P (2017) | double | 42 | 28.48 | 0 | 8 weeks | ICD-10 | AMI | PGD/Placebo | [25] |
| Man SC (2016) | double | 99 | 29.8 | 0 | 16 weeks | ICD-10 | Various | PGD/Placebo | [26] |
| Gu P (2016) | Open-label | 120 | 30.22 | 44.17 | 8 weeks | ICD-10 | OLA | PGD/Placebo | [101] |
| Zhuo C (2021) | double | 200 | 31.82 | 100 | 16 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Vitamin B6/ARI_10 | [30] |
| Yoon HW (2016) | Open-label | 42 | 35.34 | 33.33 | 8 weeks | DSM-IV | Various | Switching to ARI /Adjunctive ARI | [102] |
ARI_5 mg adjunctive 5 mg aripiprazole, ARI_10 mg adjunctive 10 mg aripiprazole, ARI_more_10 mg adjunctive more than 10 mg aripiprazole, DA adjunctive dopamine agonist, MET adjunctive metformin, PGD adjunctive Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction, switch_ARI_fixed_im switching to ARI with fixed dosage and reducing the previous antipsychotic immediately, switch_ARI_fixed_ta switching to ARI with fixed dosage and reducing the previous antipsychotic in tardation, switch_ARI_ti_ta switching to ARI in titration and reducing the previous antipsychotic in tardation, switch_OLA switching to olanzapine, switch_QUE switching to quetiapine, VitB6 adjunctive high-dose vitamin B6, RIS risperidone, SUL sulpiride, AIM amisulpride, HAL haloperidol, FGAs first-generation antipsychotics, PAL paliperidone, LAI long-acting injection, THI thioridazine, OLA olanzapine, DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth version, ICD-10 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, CCMD-3 Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, 3rd version, NR not report.