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. 2022 Jul 5;13:3877. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31627-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A working model for the multi-layered regulation of heterochromatic CHG methylation by CMT3. The combinatorial readout of H3K9me2/H3K18 allosterically activates CMT3, while base-specific interaction with hmCHG underpins its CHG-specific maintenance methylation activity. In addition, the CMT3 binding-induced substrate deformation contributes to the context-dependent CHG methylation in plants.