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. 2022 Jun 14;54(6):711–719. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00785-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A transient high-oxygen environment (75% oxygen) induces oxidation damage to preexisting vessels. This leads to vascular regression and the formation of the avascular vaso-obliteration (VO) zone, which is surrounded by three different endothelial subtypes (arterial, venous, and capillary). A return to the ambient O₂ concentration initiates angiogenic sprouting to revascularize the VO zone, a process that involves sprouting angiogenesis from venous ECs and neovascular tuft formation on veins/venules.