Table 1.
Patient background and propensity score-adjusted factors.
| All participants |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple rib fractures |
||||
| Variables | Overall | Yes | No | p value |
| n = 87 | n = 32 | n = 55 | ||
| Age, years | 67.0 [58.5, 75.0] | 70.5 [62.8, 77.0] | 66.0 [56.0, 74.0] | 0.04 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 55 (63.2) | 18 (56.2) | 37 (67.3) | 0.36 |
| Cardiac cause of cardiac arrest, n (%) | 55 (63.2) | 19 (59.4) | 36 (65.5) | 0.65 |
| Body mass index | 21.6 [18.0, 24.6] | 20.7 [17.6, 25.3] | 22.2 [18.9, 24.5] | 0.41 |
| Witness, n (%) | 65 (74.7) | 25 (78.1) | 40 (72.7) | 0.62 |
| Bystander CPR, n (%) | 47 (54.0) | 18 (56.2) | 29 (52.7) | 0.83 |
| VF or pulseless VT as initial ECG rhythm, n (%) | 31 (35.6) | 10 (31.2) | 21 (38.2) | 0.64 |
| Received shock, n (%) | 35 (40.2) | 13 (40.6) | 22 (40.0) | 1 |
| Duration of CPR, minute | 26 [15, 39] | 34 [22, 43] | 21 [13, 35] | 0.05 |
| Side with the ribs fractured, n (%) | ||||
| Bilateral | 29 (33.3) | 29 (90.6) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Right | 9 (10.3) | 2 (6.2) | 7 (12.7) | |
| Left | 4 (4.6) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (5.5) | |
| Sternal fracture, n (%) | 4 (4.6) | 4 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.02 |
| Number of right side rib fractures | 0 [0, 3] | 4 [3, 5] | 0 [0, 0] | <0.001 |
| Number of left side rib fractures | 0 [0, 3] | 3 [3, 4] | 0 [0, 0] | <0.001 |
| Multiple rib fractures, n (%) | 32 (36.8) | 32 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Flail chest, n (%) | 23 (26.4) | 23 (71.9) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 79 (90.8) | 32 (100.0) | 47 (85.5) | 0.02 |
| Length of mechanical ventilation, day | 7 [4, 11] | 9 [5, 16] | 6 [3, 10] | 0.03 |
| Extracorporeal circulation, n (%) | 14 (16.1) | 5 (15.6) | 9 (16.4) | 1 |
| Therapeutic hypothermia, n (%) | 43 (49.4) | 21 (65.6) | 22 (40.0) | 0.03 |
| Muscle relaxants, n (%) | 28 (32.2) | 15 (46.9) | 13 (23.6) | 0.03 |
| Prophylactic antibiotics, n (%) | 45 (51.7) | 17 (53.1) | 28 (50.9) | 1 |
| Sputum culture | 37/47 (79) | 18/21 (86) | 19/26 (73) | 0.03 |
| Length of stay in intensive care unit, day | 8 [4, 12] | 9 [6, 13] | 6 [4, 11] | 0.046 |
| Length of hospital stay, day | 23 [8, 43] | 31 [14, 47] | 18 [8, 40] | 0.16 |
| Observation period, day | 24 [8, 44] | 31 [13, 48] | 19 [8, 39] | 0.17 |
| CPC 1/2, n (%) | 23 (26.4) | 3 (9.4) | 20 (36.4) | 0.01 |
| Development of pneumonia, n (%) | 35 (40.2) | 23 (71.9) | 12 (21.8) | <0.001 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 33 (37.9) | 14 (43.8) | 19 (34.5) | 0.49 |
Bracketed numbers are ranges. CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; ECG, electrocardiographic; CPC, cerebral performance category.