Fig. 15.

Assisted synthesis of structured sensing materials. a Fabrication process of wavelength wrinkles based on pre-stretched and release [66]. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society. b Schematic illustration of the preparation of silk nanofiber membranes by electrospinning [118]. Copyright (2019) Wiley–VCH. c The microneedles formation of magnetic particles under magnitude [119]. Copyright (2020) Wiley–VCH. d Porous structure based on gas-assisted self-foaming [64]. Copyright (2019) The Authors. e Porous pyramid structure fabricated by pyramid structure of silicon mold and PS beads sacrificial template [121]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society