Fig. 4.

Determination of the osteogenic ability of the nanohybrids and the immune crosstalk between osteogenesis and angiogenesis. (A) Alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining following 14 days of co-culture with MC3T3-E1. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Western blot analysis of osteogenic related protein expression. (C) The influence of osteogenesis related gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured for 3 days detected by qRT-PCR. (D) qRT-PCR was used to detect the effects of a macrophage conditioned medium on the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in HUVECs cultured in QCS/5QCS-1GO/5QCS-1GO-PDA conditioned medium for 3 days. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).