TABLE 1.
Summary of neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of astrocytes-derived exosomes with identified cargo.
| Role | Stimuli/disease | Cargo | Effect observed | References |
| LPS | miR-34A | Increases susceptibility to mitochondrial damage | Mao et al., 2015 | |
| Ethanol | TLR4, NF-κb-p65, IL1R, caspasa-1, NLRP3 | Amplifies neuroinflammatory response via TLR4 | Ibanez et al., 2019 | |
| AD | BACE-1, secretase, sAB42, sAPPα y sAPPβ | Contribution to AB spreading? | Goetzl et al., 2016 | |
| AD | IL-6, TNF-α, IL1β, and some complement proteins | Amplifies neuroinflammatory response | Goetzl et al., 2018 | |
| Aβ | Ceramide and PAR-4 | Glial apoptosis and neurodegeneration | Wang et al., 2012 | |
| Neurotoxic | IL-1β | Casein kinase 1 | Promoters Aβ synthesis in neurons | Li et al., 2020 |
| Overexpression of mutated SOD1 | Mutated SOD1 | Reduces the viability of spinal neurons | Silverman et al., 2019 | |
| ALS | miR-494-3p | Alteration of neurite length in motoneurons | Varcianna et al., 2019 | |
| Neuroprotective | – | ApoD | Promotes survival and functional integrity under oxidative stress | Pascua-Maestro et al., 2019 |
| OGD | miR-92b-3p | Reduces neuronal death induced by OGD | Xu et al., 2019 | |
| OGD | PrP | Reduces neuronal death due to H2O2 oxidative stress | Guitart et al., 2016 | |
| – | miR-190b | Reduces autophagy and neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD | Pei et al., 2020 | |
| OGD + H2O2 + KCl | Synapsin 1 | Promotes cell survival and neurite growth under oxidative stress | Wang et al., 2011 | |
| TBE | miR-873a-5p | Promotes anti-inflammatory phenotype in microglia | Long et al., 2020 | |
| PMA | GLAST 1 and GLAST 2 | Reduces neurotoxicity induced by glutamate? | Gosselin et al., 2013 | |
| Thermal stress | HSP70 | Reduces neuroinflammation and misfolded protein aggregation? | Taylor et al., 2007 | |
| IL-1β and TNF-α | miR-1254-5p and miR-16-5p | Reduces dendritic complexity in hippocampal neurons | Chaudhuri et al., 2018 | |
| IL-1β | Actin-associated molecules, integrins, MHC | Reduces neuronal branching and firing rate | You et al., 2020 | |
| – | Fibulin-2 | Stimulates dendritic spine formation and synapse | Patel and Weaver, 2021 | |
| Aldolase C overexpression | miR-26a-5p | Reduces dendritic complexity in developing hippocampal neurons | Luarte et al., 2020 | |
| – | Reduces infarct size, neuronal death, neurological damage, and inflammation | |||
| – | miR-361 | Negatively regulates neuronal apoptosis | Bu et al., 2020 | |
| – | miR-17-5p | Du et al., 2021 | ||
| HSP90AB1, LRP1, ApoE | Chun et al., 2021 | |||
| Regulatory | – | KCTD12, G6PD, KIF5D, SPTAN1 | Regulates neuronal excitability | Chun et al., 2021 |