Table 1.
Variables | Boys (n = 196) | Girls (n = 168) | Total (n = 364) | Gender difference (T) | Gender difference (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | 18.98 (3.63) | 16.91 (2.82) | 17.98 (3.42) | −1.38 | 0.0032) |
Gross motor coordination | |||||
MQ | 86.45 (15.56) | 82.17 (12.97) | 84.56 (12.95) | −2.94 | 0.0271) |
WB | 38.25 (5.43) | 44.95 (9.64) | 39.96 (7.87) | −4.41 | 0.0161) |
HH | 35.58 (4.56) | 29.17 (2.97) | 30.21 (2.49) | −0.340 | 0.0301) |
JS | 45.54 (13.78) | 38.94 (13.20) | 41.66 (13.55) | −0.146 | 0.0461) |
MS | 11.47 (3.05) | 15.81 (3.26) | 13.40 (3.28) | 3.09 | 0.0052) |
GMC | 127.18 (34.95) | 121.71 (17.79) | 123.93 (32.08) | −1.46 | 0.145 |
Executive function | |||||
Inhibition | |||||
Reaction time of incongruent test | 611.18 (95.28) | 622.44 (86.05) | 616.38 (91.19) | 1.07 | 0.234 |
Reaction time of congruent test | 630.28 (146.25) | 609.08 (96.43) | 620.49 ± 126.02 | −3.78 | 0.0002) |
Accuracy of incongruent test | 0.83 (0.16) | 0.81 (0.14) | 0.82 (0.16) | −1.61 | 0.109 |
Accuracy of congruent test | 0.84 (0.15) | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.86 (0.12) | 1.42 | 0.156 |
Working memory | |||||
Reaction Time of Refreshing Test | 926.89 (159.03) | 864.32 (160.21) | 889.35 (178.91) | −4.17 | 0.0101) |
Accuracy of Refreshing Test | 0.75 (0.21) | 0.88 (0.11) | 0.77 (0.21) | 2.57 | 0.0052) |
Cognitive flexibility | |||||
Reaction time of big–small/Odd–even test | 829.89 (191.74) | 807.01 (155.14) | 819.33 (175.93) | −1.24 | 0.220 |
Reaction time of switching test | 976.15 (137.28) | 1231.54 (298.17) | 1113.67 (269.59) | 10.21 | 0.0002) |
Accuracy of big–small/ odd–even test | 0.52 (0.15) | 0.73 (0.19) | 0.77 (0.17) | 2.72 | 0.0471) |
Accuracy of switching test | 0.55 (0.17) | 0.61 (0.29) | 0.57 (0.18) | 2.45 | 0.0151) |
1) p < 0.05; 2) p < 0.01. MQ, motor quotient; WB, walking backward; HH, hopping for height; JS, jumping sideways; MS, moving sideways; GMC, gross motor coordination.