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. 2022 Jun 22;13:875256. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875256

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of gross motor coordination and executive function of children aged 9–10 years.

Variables Boys (n = 196) Girls (n = 168) Total (n = 364) Gender difference (T) Gender difference (p)
BMI 18.98 (3.63) 16.91 (2.82) 17.98 (3.42) −1.38 0.0032)
Gross motor coordination
MQ 86.45 (15.56) 82.17 (12.97) 84.56 (12.95) −2.94 0.0271)
WB 38.25 (5.43) 44.95 (9.64) 39.96 (7.87) −4.41 0.0161)
HH 35.58 (4.56) 29.17 (2.97) 30.21 (2.49) −0.340 0.0301)
JS 45.54 (13.78) 38.94 (13.20) 41.66 (13.55) −0.146 0.0461)
MS 11.47 (3.05) 15.81 (3.26) 13.40 (3.28) 3.09 0.0052)
GMC 127.18 (34.95) 121.71 (17.79) 123.93 (32.08) −1.46 0.145
Executive function
Inhibition
Reaction time of incongruent test 611.18 (95.28) 622.44 (86.05) 616.38 (91.19) 1.07 0.234
Reaction time of congruent test 630.28 (146.25) 609.08 (96.43) 620.49 ± 126.02 −3.78 0.0002)
Accuracy of incongruent test 0.83 (0.16) 0.81 (0.14) 0.82 (0.16) −1.61 0.109
Accuracy of congruent test 0.84 (0.15) 0.88 (0.09) 0.86 (0.12) 1.42 0.156
Working memory
Reaction Time of Refreshing Test 926.89 (159.03) 864.32 (160.21) 889.35 (178.91) −4.17 0.0101)
Accuracy of Refreshing Test 0.75 (0.21) 0.88 (0.11) 0.77 (0.21) 2.57 0.0052)
Cognitive flexibility
Reaction time of big–small/Odd–even test 829.89 (191.74) 807.01 (155.14) 819.33 (175.93) −1.24 0.220
Reaction time of switching test 976.15 (137.28) 1231.54 (298.17) 1113.67 (269.59) 10.21 0.0002)
Accuracy of big–small/ odd–even test 0.52 (0.15) 0.73 (0.19) 0.77 (0.17) 2.72 0.0471)
Accuracy of switching test 0.55 (0.17) 0.61 (0.29) 0.57 (0.18) 2.45 0.0151)

1) p < 0.05; 2) p < 0.01. MQ, motor quotient; WB, walking backward; HH, hopping for height; JS, jumping sideways; MS, moving sideways; GMC, gross motor coordination.