Table 1.
Predictors of patient survival deemed significant or unspecified by included studies.
| Predictor Category | Timepoint | Studies which Predictor was Significant | Predictor(s) Significant on AnalysisNo p-value provided, but deemed significant by studyANo p-value provided, nor deemed significant by studyB | Control/Reference Group | HR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient Age at Transplant | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Dimou (2016)15 Haldar (2019)16 McCabe (2020)17 Agbim (2019)18 Kaswala (2020)19 Henson (2020)20 Rinella (2022)21 Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
60–64 years 65–69 years 70+ years 50–64A ≥65a 61–65 >65 50–64 >65 Age at transplant: continuous Age at transplant: continuous Age at transplant: continuousB >65 Age at transplant: continuous Age at transplant: continuous |
Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. ≤45 Vs. ≤45 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 NR NR NR Vs. <55 Continuous Continuous |
1.66 (1.31–2.11) 2.08 (1.63–2.64) 2.66 (1.98–3.57) 1.27 (1.01–1.59) 2.02 (1.58–2.58) 2.07 (1.39–3.08) 1.72 (1.10–2.81) 1.54 (1.29–1.84) 2.14 (1.74–2.64) 1.04 (1.03–1.05) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) NR 1.70 (1.04–2.77) 1.04 (NR) 1.24 (1.17–1.32) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NR NR <0.001 <0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NR 0.04 <0.0001 <0.001 |
| 1 year | Nagai (2019)14 | 50–59 60–64 65–69 70+ |
Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 Vs. <50 |
1.61 (1.13–2.3) 1.85 (1.29–2.66) 2.45 (1.7–3.52) 2.95 (1.92–4.54) |
0.008 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
|
| 5 years | Henson (2020)20 Karnam (2022)24 |
Age at transplantB: continuous Age at transplant: continuous |
Continuous Continuous |
NR 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
NR <0.00001 |
|
| Ethnicity | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Ochoa–Allemant (2020)25 Rinella (2022)21 Yuan (2022)23 |
Ethnicity: Asian Ethnicity: HispanicA Ethnicity: Black Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino Ethicity: Asian |
Vs. white Vs. non-Hispanic Vs. white Vs. white Vs. white |
0.38 (0.2–0.75) 0.84 (0.71–0.99) 5.25 (2.12–12.96) 0.78 (0.68–0.89) 0.67 (0.46–0.97) |
0.05 NR 0.0003 <0.001 0.03 |
| Functional Status | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 McCabe (2020)17 Shavelle (2022)22 |
Karnosfky score: 10%–30% KPS 3 (40–50%) KPS 4 (10–30%) Karnosfky score: 0–60% |
Vs. 70%–100% Vs. KPS 1 (80–100%) Vs. KPS 1 (80–100%) Vs. 70–100% |
1.7 (1.36–2.13) 1.52 (1.29–1.80) 2.13 (1.8–2.52) 1.57 (NR) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
| 5 years | Henson (2020)20 Karnam (2022)24 |
Functional status (age ≥65 only subgroup): Some assistanceC Total assistanceD Functional status: Some assistanceC Total assistanceD |
Vs. No assistanceE Vs. No AssistanceE Vs. No assistanceE Vs. No AssistanceE |
1.17 (0.81–1.69) 1.72 (1.18–2.5) 1.16 (1.02–1.32) 1.30 (1.13–1.50) |
0.003 0.003 0.03 0.0003 |
|
| Recipient HCC+ | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 McCabe (2020)17 Kaswala (2020)19 Yuan (2022)23 |
HCC+ HCC+ HCC+ HCC+ |
Vs. no HCC Vs. no HCC Vs. no HCC Vs. no HCC |
1.25 (1.04–1.5) 1.23 (1.08–1.41) 1.37 (1.19–1.58) 1.19 (1.08–1.32) |
0.02 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 |
| Recipient MELD at Transplant | Overall | Dimou (2016)15 Haldar (2019)16 Kaswala (2020)19 Henson (2020)20 Shavelle (2022)22 |
30–39A ≥40a >23 MELD score: overallY MELD score: overallY (age ≥65 only subgroup) 25–40 |
Vs. <20 Vs. <20 Vs. <11 NR NR Vs. 6–10 |
1.86 (1.53–2.23) 2.0 (1.49–2.69) 1.48 (1.04–2.3) 1.01 (1.01–1.02) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) 1.38 (NR) |
NR NR <0.05 <0.001 0.004 0.01 |
| Recipient Diabetes Mellitus pre-LT | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Dimou (2016)15 Agbim (2019)18 Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
DM+ DM+A DM+ DM+ DM+ |
Vs. no DM Vs. no DM NR Vs. no DM Vs. no DM |
1.14 (1.01–1.29) 1.26 (1.09–1.45) 1.13 (0.99–1.29) 1.18 (NR) 1.18 (1.09–1.29) |
0.04 NR <0.001 0.004 <0.001 |
| Recipient BMI | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Dimou (2016)15 Haldar (2019)16 Agopian (2012)26 Shavelle (2022) Yuan (2022)23 |
30–34.9 35–39.9 25–29a 30–34a 35–39a ≥40a ≤18.5 >18.5, ≤25.0 >40 >35 25–30 ≥30 Continuous |
Vs. 18.5–24.9 Vs. 18.5–24.9 Vs. <25 Vs. <25 Vs. <25 Vs. <25 >25.0,≤30.0 >25.0, ≤30.0 >25.0, ≤30.0 <35 Vs. 18–25 Vs. 18–25 Continuous |
0.73 (0.6–0.89) 0.82 (0.66–1.01) 0.7 (0.56–0.88) 0.7 (0.56–0.88) 0.75 (0.59–0.95) 0.73 (0.55–0.98) 4.29 (1.01–18.21) 2.24 (1.27–3.96) 1.96 (1.16–3.32) 2.3 (NR) 0.7 (NR) 0.69 (NR) 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
<0.001 0.06 NR NR NR NR <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.039 0.01 <0.01 <0.001 |
| 10 years | Satapathy (2020)27 | 25 to <30 ≥30 to <35 ≥35 to <40 ≥40 |
Vs. ≥18 to <25 Vs. ≥18 to <25 Vs. ≥18 to <25 Vs. ≥18 to <25 |
0.62 (0.48–0.79) 0.68 (0.54–0.87) 0.66 (0.51–0.86) 0.64 (0.46–0.89) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.007 |
|
| Dialysis Prior to LT | Overall | Agopian (2012)26 Zhang (2019)28 Henson (2020)20 Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
Dialysis prior to LT Dialysis prior to LT Dialysis prior to LT (age ≥65 only subgroup) Dialysis 1 week prior to LT Dialysis 1 week prior to LT |
Vs. no dialysis Vs. no dialysis Vs. no dialysis Vs. no dialysis Vs. no dialysis |
2.5 (NR) 1.4 (1.07–1.84) 1.74 (1.24–2.44) 1.86 (NR) 1.53 (1.36–1.71) |
0.029 0.015 0.001 <0.0001 <0.001 |
| 5 years | Karnam (2022)24 | Dialysis 1 week prior to LT | Vs. no dialysis | 2.10 (1.66–2.66) | <0.00001 | |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Kaswala (2020)19 Shavelle (2022)22 |
Hepatic encephalopathy (grade III & IV) Hepatic encephalopathy: Grade I & II Grade III & IV Hepatic encephalopathy: Grade I & II Grade III & IV |
NR Vs. none Vs. none Vs. none Vs. none |
1.31 (1.11–1.56) 1.16 (1.01–1.34) 1.74 (1.43–2.12) 1.20 (NR) 1.79 (NR) |
0.002 0.02 <0.001 0.009 <0.0001 |
| 5 years | Karnam (2022)24 | Hepatic encephalopathy | Vs. none | 1.15 (1.00–1.31) | 0.04 | |
| Ventilatory support or ICU at LTX | Overall | Zhang (2019)28 Shavelle (2022)22 Shavelle (2022)22 |
Hospitalized not ICU at LT Not hospitalized at LT Hospitalized not ICU at LT Hospitalized and ICU at LT Ventilator at LT |
Vs. ICU at LT Vs. ICU at LT Vs. not hospitalized Vs. not hospitalized Vs. no ventilator |
0.74 (0.57–0.96) 0.6 (0.45–0.78) 1.50 (NR) 2.23 (NR) 2.05 (NR) |
0.022 0.001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 |
| 5 years | Karnam (2022)24 | Ventilator at LT | Vs. no ventilator | 1.33 (1.05–1.69) | 0.019 | |
| Era/year of LTX | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 Kaswala (2020)19 Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
Era/year of LT: 2014–2015 Year of transplant Year of transplant: continuous Year of LT: 2010–2014 Year of LT: 2015–2019 |
Vs. 2008–2010 NR Continuous 2004–2009 2004–2009 |
0.8 (0.66–0.96) 0.97 (0.96–0.99) 0.97 (NR) 0.79 (0.70–0.87) 0.77 (0.69–0.87) |
0.02 0.02 0.0008 <0.001 <0.001 |
| Re–transplantationX | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 | Retransplantation | First time transplant | 1.75 (1.16–2.65) | 0.01 |
| Serum bilirubin | Overall | Agbim (2019)18 | TSB | NR | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein thrombosis | Overall | Agbim (2019)18 Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
PVT+ PVT+ PVT+ |
Vs. no PVT Vs. no PVT Vs. no PVT |
1.31 (1.09–1.58) 1.22 (NR) 1.24 (1.12–1.37) |
<0.001 0.01 <0.001 |
| Every 90d on wait listX | Overall | Zhang (2019)28 | Every 90d on waitlist | NR | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.017 |
| Cold ischemia time | Overall | Henson (2020)20 Yuan (2022)23 |
Cold ischemia time (recipient age ≥65 subgroup) Cold ischemia time (hours)- continuous |
NR Continuous |
1.06 (1.01–1.1) 1.02 (1.01–1.03) |
0.01 0.007 |
| Post-LT biopsy steatosis | 1 year | Malik (2009)29 | Post-LT biopsy steatosis | Vs. Non-steatosis | N/A (% analysis, not regression) | 0.01 |
| Recipient Sex | Overall | McCabe (2020)17 Haldar (2019)16 Rinella (2022)21 |
Male Male Male |
Vs. Female Vs. Female Vs. Female |
1.19 (1.07–1.32) 0.79 (0.63–0.98) 1.27 (0.92–1.75) |
<0.001 <0.05 0.15 |
| Recipient ESRDX | Overall | Rinella (2022)21 | ESRD | Vs. no ESRD | 1.55 (1.04–2.31) | 0.03 |
| Pre-LT Atrial FibrillationX | Overall | Rinella (2022)21 | Atrial fibrillation | Vs. no atrial fibrillation | 1.95 (1.06–3.57) | 0.03 |
| Post-LT HTNX | Overall | Rinella (2022)21 | Post-LT HTN | Vs. no HTN post-LT | 0.55 (0.37–0.79) | 0.002 |
| Immunosuppr- essionX |
Overall | Rinella (2022)21 | Non-calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) regimen | Vs. CNI alone | 2.05 (1.19–3.51) | 0.009 |
| Length of Hospital StayX | Overall | Shavelle (2022)22 Yuan (2022)23 |
11–30 days 31+ days 30 day interval |
Vs. 0–10 days Vs. 0–10 days NR |
1.22 (NR) 2.40 (NR) 1.20 (1.18–1.22) |
0.002 <0.0001 <0.001 |
| DCD Donor | Overall | Nagai (2019)14 | DCD Donor | NR | 1.46 (1.16–1.86) | 0.001 |
| Donor age at death | Overall | Agopian (2012)26 Yuan (2022)23 |
Donor age at death/donation >55y Donor age (10 year interval) |
NR NR |
2.3 (NR) 1.03 (1.00–1.05) |
0.024 0.03 |
| Donor blood group | Overall | Haldar (2019)16 | Donor Blood group: B | Vs. A | 0.37 (0.22=0.63) | <0.001 |
| Donor sex | Overall | Henson (2020)20 Haldar (2019)16 Nagai (2019)14 |
Male (age ≥65) Male Female |
Vs. Female (age ≥65) Vs. Female Vs. Male |
0.8 (0.54–1.0) 0.97 (0.78–1.2) 1.1 (0.97–1.25) |
0.05 NS 0.12 |
C
Some assistance needed = “some dependance” or KPS 50%–70%.
D
Full assistance needed = “total dependance” or KPS 10%–40%.
E
No assistance = “no dependance” or Karnosky Performance Status 80%–100%.
X
Not an a priori determined variable- added in during data extraction.
Y
At listing.