Table 1.

Features of phenotyping methods for epidemiological studies of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine intramammary infections.

Characteristic	R	T	S	DP	EU	TR	Int	Cost	ET	Reference
Antibiogram typing	Good	Low	No	Poor	Easy	Rapid	Simple	Low	Low	DeOliveira et al., 2000, Aarestrup et al., 1995, Sabour et al., 2004
Biotyping	Limited	Low	No	Poor	Easy	Rapid	Simple	Low	Low	Aarestrup et al., 1995, Myllys et al., 1997, Sommerhäuser et al., 2003
Serotyping	Limited	Moderate	No	Low	Easy	Rapid	Simple	High	Low	White et al., 1962, Guidry et al., 1998, Tollersrud et al., 2000b
Phage typing	Limited	Limited	No	Low	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	Low	Aarestrup et al., 1997, Zadoks et al., 2002, Blair and Williams, 1961, Su et al., 1999, Sabour et al., 2004
MLEE	High	Moderate	NA	Low	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	Low	Fitzgerald et al., 1997, Lakhundi and Zhang, 2018, Su et al., 1999
MALDI-TOF MS	High	High	NA	High	Easy	Very fast	Complex	High	Low	Barreiro et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2020, Shell et al., 2017, Kasela and Malm, 2018

Abbreviations: R: Reproducibility; T: Typeability; S: Stability; DP: Discriminatory power; EU: Ease of use; TR: Time required; Int: Interpretation; ET: Epidemiologic typing. MLEE: Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis; MALDI-TOF MS: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; NA: not available.