Table 2.

Characteristics of the molecular typing methods for epidemiological and evolutionary studies of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine intramammary infections.

Molecular methods	Characteristics
	R	T	DP	EU	TR	Int	Cost	HT	Reference
RAPD-PCR	Limited to poor	High	Moderate to good	Easy	Quick	Complex	Low	High	Morandi et al., 2010, Fitzgerald et al., 1997, Kosecka-Strojek et al., 2016, Gurjar et al., 2012, Myllys et al., 1997, Su et al., 1999
AFLP	High	High	Moderate	Easy	Quick	Complex	High	High	Salasia et al., 2011, Boerema et al., 2006
PCR-RFLP	High	High	Moderate to good	Easy	Quick	Simple	Low		Hakimi Alni et al., 2018; Morandi et al., 2010; Dendani Chadi et al., 2016; Raimundo et al., 1999; Su et al., 1999; Hata et al., 2010
RS-PCR	High	High	Moderate to good	Easy	Quick	Simple	Moderate	High	Adkins et al., 2016, Ben Said et al., 2016, Boss et al., 2016, Cremonesi et al., 2015, Fournier et al., 2008, Graber et al., 2013; Monistero et al., 2018
agr	NA	NA	NA	Easy	Quick	Simple	NA	NA	Bonsaglia et al., 2018, Mitra et al., 2013
MLVA	High	High	Good	Easy	Quick	Complex	Moderate	High	Bergonier et al., 2014, Ikawaty et al., 2009, Morandi et al., 2010, Sobral et al., 2012, Van Duijkeren et al., 2014, Kosecka-Strojek et al., 2016
Ribotyping	Good	High	Limited	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	NA	Aarestrup et al., 1995, Myllys et al., 1997, Duarte et al., 2015, Pereira et al., 2002, Buzzola et al., 2001, Fitzgerald et al., 1997, Su et al., 1999
PFGE	Moderate To goud	High	Excellent	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	Low	Adkins et al., 2016, Ikawaty et al., 2009, McMillan et al., 2016, Srednik et al., 2018, Cremonesi et al., 2015, Dendani Chadi et al., 2010, Zadoks and Schukken, 2006, Lakhundi and Zhang, 2018, Kroning et al., 2018
MLST	High	High	Good	Difficult	Time-consuming	Simple	High	Low	McMillan et al., 2016, Smith et al., 2005a, Smith et al., 2005b, Boss et al., 2016, Stefani et al., 2012, Ji, 2020, Rabello et al., 2007, Silva et al., 2014
spa	Excellent	High	Excellent	Easy	Quick	Simple	Low	High	Bonsaglia et al., 2018, Hasman et al., 2010, Kosecka-Strojek et al., 2016, Mitra et al., 2013, Käppeli et al., 2019, Sobral et al., 2012
SCCmec	NA	Low	NA	Difficult	Time-consuming	Complex	High	High	Butaye et al., 2016, Li et al., 2017, Carretto et al., 2018
WGS	High	High	Excellent	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	High	Kosecka-Strojek et al., 2016, Schmidt et al., 2017, Fursova et al., 2020, Naushad et al., 2020, Fisher and Paterson, 2020
Microarray assay	High	High	Excellent	Difficult	Time consuming	Complex	High	High	Lisowska-Łysiak et al., 2018, El-Sayed et al., 2017, Käppeli et al., 2019, Szabó, 2014

Abbreviations; R: Reproducibility; T: Typeability; DP: Discriminatory power; EU: Ease of use; TR: Time required; Int: Interpretation; HT: High throughput; NA: not available; RAPD‐PCR: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA; AFLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism; PCR-RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism; RS-PCR: Ribosomal spacer; agr: Accessory gene regulator; MLVA: Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis; PFGE: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; MLST: Multi-locus sequence typing; spa: Staphylococcal protein A; SCCmec: Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec; WGS: Whole genome sequencing;