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. 2021 Sep 16;12(3):453–459. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.09.007

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© 2021 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — (A) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of different modified electrodes in solution containing 0.1 M KCl and 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆ ]^3–/4–. (B) Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of different modified electrodes after enrichment for the same time in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution containing 50 ng/mL rutin. (a) Bare gold electrode (230 Ω, 0.12); (b) PC-modified electrode (400 Ω, 2.02); (c) PC/CoWO₄ -modified electrode (880 Ω, 4.03); and (d) CoWO₄ -modified electrode (26,000 Ω, 1.32).