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Dose–response association between circulating TMAO concentrations and all-cause mortality (A), MACE (B), hypertension (C), and DM (D). Risk spline (solid line) and 95% CIs (shadow) of pooled RR of all-cause mortality, MACE, hypertension, and DM by 1 μmol/L of TMAO. DM, diabetes mellitus; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.
