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. 2022 May 10;116(1):274–284. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac063

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Cross-sectional cohort study of vitamin C renal leak in a cohort of individuals with diabetes and nondiabetic controls. (A, B) Urinary vitamin C excretion as a function of plasma vitamin C concentrations in the diabetes cohort (n = 82, A) and nondiabetic control group (n = 80, B). In all panels, each circle represents each participant with a renal leak (yellow) or without a renal leak (blue), assessed using matched urine and plasma vitamin C measurements. (C) Plasma vitamin C concentrations in the diabetes cohort compared with the nondiabetic control group. Square indicates estimated shift in mean plasma vitamin C with horizontal points indicating 95% CI. P values are shown for estimated shift, unadjusted and adjusted for sex, n = 162. (D) Vitamin C renal leak prevalence in the diabetes cohort compared with nondiabetic controls. Square indicates odds ratio with horizontal line indicating 95% CI, n = 162. (E) Demographics and clinical variables associated with vitamin C renal leak. All participants were included in the analysis. Squares indicate odds ratio with horizontal points indicating 95% CI, n = 162. Diuretic use includes loop diuretics, thiazides, and aldosterone antagonists. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration; PCR, protein/creatinine ratio.