Table 5.
Associations between admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and obstetric outcomes, by race/ethnicity, in a study of racial/ethnic disparities in ICU admissions in a pregnant and postpartum population, Hawaii, 2012-2017 a
| Characteristic | Non-Hispanic White | Asian | Filipino | Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | Other | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Obesity | 18 (2.0) | 14 (3.0) | 34 (4.5)c | 156 (3.6) | 12 (2.6) | .04 |
| Smoking | 42 (2.8) | 17 (1.4) | 28 (2.2) | 90 (2.4) | 10 (2.3) | .19 |
| Substance use | 37 (6.1) | 9 (3.7) | 13 (4.1) | 38 (2.3)c | 7 (3.9) | <.001 |
| Assisted conception | 5 (2.8) | 25 (5.8) | 10 (6.3) | 4 (3.9) | 3 (5.3) | .54 |
| Multiple gestation | 3 (1.1) | 14 (5.4)c | 8 (5.1) | 11 (3.0) | 4 (4.3) | .04 |
| Preexisting diabetesd | 7 (5.0) | 12 (6.1) | 15 (4.1) | 67 (8.1) | 6 (7.1) | .13 |
| Chronic hypertensive disease | 7 (2.0) | 15 (3.3) | 31 (4.4) | 62 (6.2)c | 6 (4.6) | .01 |
| Chronic heart disease | 2 (5.9) | 3 (7.1) | 3 (9.1) | 30 (35.7)c | 1 (6.7) | <.001 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 16 (1.8) | 11 (1.3) | 23 (2.4) | 77 (3.3) | 11 (3.2) | .02 |
| Chronic renal disease | 2 (18.2) | 3 (21.4) | 10 (31.2) | 12 (18.5) | 3 (25.0) | .69 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 47 (0.4) | 92 (0.9)c | 126 (1.1) | 246 (1.3)c | 30 (0.9)c | <.001 |
| Cesarean delivery | 22 (1.4) | 27 (1.9) | 34 (2.2) | 68 (2.8)c | 11 (2.5) | .04 |
| Obstetric outcomes | ||||||
| Gestational diabetes | 7 (0.6) | 29 (1.4) | 29 (1.1) | 54 (2.0)c | 5 (1.1) | .005 |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders | 65 (4.1) | 80 (6.3)c | 142 (6.4)c | 219 (5.8)c | 33 (5.7) | .03 |
| Chorioamnionitis | 10 (1.2) | 26 (1.5) | 42 (2.2) | 51 (3.3)c | 7 (3.3) | .004 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 36 (4.3) | 79 (8.4)c | 88 (7.3)c | 161 (8.3)c | 14 (5.4) | .003 |
| Placental abruption | 10 (5.3) | 8 (4.2) | 14 (4.9) | 23 (5.0) | 1 (1.5) | .83 |
| Placenta previa | 2 (3.0) | 5 (7.2) | —e | 5 (6.5) | 2 (15.4) | .02 |
| Placenta accreta | 3 (4.2) | 6 (9.4) | 4 (6.3) | 10 (7.4) | —e | .71 |
| Ectopic pregnancy | —e | 1 (5.3) | 3 (7.0) | 5 (8.9) | —e | .38 |
aData source: Hawai‘i Health Information Corporation. 28 All values are number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
b P values determined by Pearson χ2 test; significance set at P < .05.
cSignificant at P < .0125 based on Bonferroni correction.
dIncludes type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
eNo data available.