Table 6.

Ethanol concentrations in the blood in relation to exposure according to [103]

Exposure	Ethanol content in the formulation	Volunteers (n)	Median Baseline (mg/L)	Median maximum blood level (mg/L)a
20 applications of 4 ml hand rub within 30 min, each application 30 s (hygienic hand antisepsis)	95% w/w (gel)	12	0.11	20.95
	85%	12	0.07	11.45
	55%	12	0.07	6.9
10 applications of 4 ml hand rub, each application 3 min with 5 min break until next application (surgical hand preparation)	95% w/w (gel)	12	0.07	17.5
	85%	12	0.07	30.1
	55%	12	0.07	8.8

^aAfter the last application, the median ethanol concentration in peripheral blood increased gradually and peaked after 30 or 20 min; the highest median is given