Table 3.
Variables associated with reaching a minimal clinically important change in LBPa at 3-month follow-up (N=2593).
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Bivariate associations | Adjusted/multivariable associations | |||
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ORb (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
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Sex (female) | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | .42 |
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Age (≥65 years) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | .34 |
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Educational level (university) | 1.5 (1.3-1.6) | <.001 | 1.1 (1.1-1.3) | .14 |
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Occupational status (retired) | 1.5 (1.4-1.7) | <.001 | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | .27 |
| Health-related characteristics | |||||
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BMI (>25) | 1.5 (1.3-1.6) | <.001 | 1.1 (1.1-1.3) | .18 |
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Baseline LBP (>5 NRS) | 2.0 (1.7-2.3) | <.001 | 1.9 (1.6-2.1) | <.001 |
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Having radiating pain (yes) | 1.4 (1.3-1.6) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | .37 |
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Pain medications (yes) | 1.4 (1.3-1.6) | <.001 | 1.1 (0.8-1.2) | .99 |
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Wish for surgery | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | .5 | 0.6 (0.5-0.9) | .02 |
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Pain in other joints | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.7-0.9) | .01 |
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Depression/anxiety | 1.4 (1.2-1.5) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | .24 |
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General health, NRSc (0-10), (above mean) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) | <.001 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3 | .36 |
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Physical activity ≥150 min/week | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.0) | .16 |
| Treatment-related characteristics | |||||
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High motivation to start treatment (NRS=10) | 1.6 (1.4-1.7) | <.001 | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | .02 |
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≥90% adherence to treatment | 1.8 (1.6-2.0) | <.001 | 1.5 (1.3-1.8) | <.001 |
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Number of interactions with PT,d (above mean) | 1.5 (1.3-1.7) | <.001 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | .29 |
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Participated in peer group (yes) | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | .33 |
aLBP: low back pain.
bOR: odds ratio.
cNRS: numerical rating scale.
dPT: physiotherapist.