Table 4.
Variables associated with a change from no to yes for patient acceptable symptom state (PASS–to+) at 3-month follow-up (N=2080).
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Bivariate associations | Adjusted/multivariable associations | |||
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ORa (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
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Sex (female) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) | <.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | .71 |
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Age (≥65 years) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | .49 |
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Educational level (university) | 0.6 (0.5-0.7) | <.001 | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | .001 |
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Occupational status (retired) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) | <.001 | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | .88 |
| Health-related characteristics | |||||
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BMI (>25) | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | .05 |
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Baseline LBPb (>5 NRSc) | 0.4 (0.4-0.5) | <.001 | 0.5 (0.4-0.6) | <.001 |
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Having radiating pain (yes) | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | .29 |
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Pain medications (yes) | 0.5 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | .33 |
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Wish for surgery | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | <.001 | 0.3 (0.2-0.5) | <.001 |
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Pain in other joints | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | .06 |
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Depression/anxiety | 0.5 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.7 (0.6-0.9) | .002 |
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General health, NRS (0-10; above mean) |
0.8 (0.7-0.9) | <.004 | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | .09 |
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Physical activity ≥150 min/week | 0.6 (0.6-0.8) | <.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | .84 |
| Treatment-related characteristics | |||||
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High motivation to start treatment (NRS=10) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) | <.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | .02 |
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≥90% adherence to treatment | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | .74 |
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Number of interactions with PT,d (above mean) | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | <.001 | 0.8 (0.7-1.1) | .05 |
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Participated in peer group (yes) | 0.6 (0.6-0.7) | <.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | .90 |
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Reaching an MCICe in LBP at 3 months | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | <.84 | 4.1 (3.4-5.1) | <.001 |
aOR: odds ratio.
bLBP: low back pain.
cNRS: numerical rating scale.
dPT: physiotherapist.
eMCIC: minimal clinically important change.