Table 2.

The ability of preoperative variables of interest to predict BCR and metastatic recurrence, in a univariate analysis^a

Preoperative parameters	BCR				Metastatic recurrence
SHR (95% CI)	p value	AIC	C-index (95% CI)	SHR (95% CI)	p value	AIC	C-index (95% CI)
EAU risk groups components
EAU risk groups
1	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1560	0.67 (0.63–0.72)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	554	0.74 (0.67–0.80)
2	3.04 (1.69–5.48)				4.05 (1.23–13.28)
3	8.70 (4.67–16.19)				16.22 (4.93–53.35)
cT stage
T1c-T2a	1.00 (Ref.)	0.056	1614	0.53 (0.49–0.56)	1.00 (Ref.)	0.014	584	0.55 (0.49–0.60)
T2b	2.10 (1.03–4.26)				1.33 (0.32–5.38)
≥T2c	1.64 (0.81–3.35)				3.53 (1.50–8.27)
PSA (ng/ml)
<10	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1593	0.61 (0.56–0.66)	1.00 (Ref.)	0.0002	575	0.65 (0.56–0.73)
10–20	1.97 (1.33–2.92)				2.69 (1.44–4.99)
>20	4.38 (2.34–8.17)				4.94 (1.99–12.23)
Gleason score
≤6	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1566	0.65 (0.61–0.70)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	562	0.70 (0.63–0.76)
7	3.39 (2.01–5.70)				5.06 (1.80–14.21)
≥8	9.01 (4.85–15.7)				15.62 (4.99–48.89)
Grade groups
1	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1543	0.71 (0.66–0.75)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	544	0.77 (0.70–0.84)
2	2.32 (1.29–4.14)				2.08 (0.64–6.73)
3	6.50 (3.69–11.45)				10.99 (3.82–31.64)
4–5	9.52 (5.06–17.91)				15.49 (4.94–48.56)
PSA density (ng/ml/ml) log	2.16 (1.71–2.71)	<0.0001	1578	0.66 (0.60–0.71)	2.12 (1.53–2.91)	<0.0001	573	0.68 (0.59–0.78)
%GP4/5b
0–20	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1522	0.73 (0.69–0.77)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	533	0.78 (0.72–0.84)
30–75	5.46 (3.59–8.29)				11.93 (4.65–30.56)
100	8.93 (5.24–15.19)				21.25 (7.38–61.20)
%GP4/5b
0–30	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1535	0.72 (0.67–0.76)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	526	0.80 (0.74–0.85)
40–75	4.49 (3.05–6.60)				13.36 (5.59–31.92)
100	6.98 (4.24–11.46)				19.57 (7.21–53.09)
MRI diameter (mm)	1.05 (1.03–1.07)	<0.0001	1585	0.68 (0.63–0.73)	1.08 (1.05–1.11)	<0.0001	554	0.78 (0.70–0.84)
0–9	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1586	0.66 (0.61–0.70)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	551	0.74(0.68–0.81)
10–19	2.15 (1.36–3.40)				9.27 (2.20–39.06)
20–25	3.55 (1.96–6.42)				19.16 (4.15–88.34)
>25	5.07 (2.80–9.18)				32.37 (7.41–141.40)
Biopsy MCCL (mm)	1.19 (1.13–1.25)	<0.0001	1566	0.69 (0.64–0.74)	1.27 (1.18–1.37)	<0.0001	554	0.76 (0.68–0.83)
<6	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1578	0.66 (0.62–0.71)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	564	0.72 (0.65–0.79)
6–8	2.31 (1.45–3.68)				3.23 (1.33–7.84)
≥9	4.00 (2.56–6.24)				6.94 (3.06–15.71)
Volume of grade 4 or 5 (ml) log	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	0.013	1610	0.74 (0.68–0.79)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.0001	581	0.83 (0.76–0.89)
Volume of grade 4 or 5 (ml)
<0.5	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1528	0.73 (0.68–0.78)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	524	0.82 (0.76–0.88)
0.5–1.0	3.34 (1.96–5.68)				4.17 (1.47–11.77)
1.01–3.2	4.59 (2.93–7.20)				10.40 (4.86–22.23)
>3.2	8.79 (5.49–14.06)				19.64 (9.32–41.37)
MCCL of grade 4 or 5 (mm)	1.22 (1.17–1.28)	<0.0001	1529	0.73 (0.68–0.78)	1.29 (1.21–1.36)	<0.0001	532	0.82 (0.75–0.88)
<6	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	1556	0.66 (0.61–0.71)	1.00 (Ref.)	<0.0001	554	0.72 (0.64–0.80)
6–8	3.32 (2.18–5.03)				4.49 (2.29–8.79)
≥9	6.51 (4.06–10.44)				8.85 (4.32–18.09)

AIC = Akaike information criterion; BCR = biochemical recurrence; CI = confidence interval; EAU = European Association of Urology; %GP4/5 = percentage of Gleason pattern 4 or 5; MCCL = maximum cancer core length; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; Ref. = reference; SHR = subhazard ratio.

^aThe AIC and Harrell's C-index are presented as a guide to each variable’s performance: the lower the AIC and the higher the C-index, the better the prediction.

^bAs a noncontinuous variable; %GP4/5 threshold groups were tested and compared.