Table 2.

Predictors of ULT initiation within 12 months of gout diagnosis. Univariable logistic regression outputs are shown (adjusted for age at diagnosis and sex), in addition to multivariable logistic regression outputs (with adjustment for all predictor variables, including year of diagnosis). Robust standard errors were estimated to account for clustering of patients within practices. CKD: chronic kidney disease; TIA: transient ischaemic attack.

Variables	Odds ratio (univariable)	95% CI	p-value	Odds ratio (multivariable)	95% CI	p-value
Age at diagnosis (per 10-year increase)	1.03	(1.02 - 1.04)	<0.001	0.90	(0.89 - 0.91)	<0.001
Female sex	1.06	(1.03 - 1.09)	<0.001	0.90	(0.88 - 0.93)	<0.001
Year of gout diagnosis	1.03	(1.03 - 1.04)	<0.001	1.03	(1.02 - 1.03)	<0.001
Country:
England	Reference			Reference
Wales	1.00	(0.92 - 1.10)	0.91	0.93	(0.85 - 1.01)	0.09
Scotland	1.87	(1.71 - 2.05)	<0.001	1.65	(1.50 - 1.81)	<0.001
Northern Ireland	1.84	(1.58 - 2.15)	<0.001	1.65	(1.42 - 1.92)	<0.001
CKD stages 3-5	1.96	(1.89 - 2.02)	<0.001	1.61	(1.55 - 1.67)	<0.001
Hypertension	1.37	(1.33 - 1.41)	<0.001	1.06	(1.03 - 1.10)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	1.31	(1.26 - 1.36)	<0.001	1.01	(0.98 - 1.05)	0.49
Ischaemic heart disease	1.34	(1.30 - 1.39)	<0.001	1.08	(1.04 - 1.12)	<0.001
Heart failure	2.07	(1.97 – 2.18)	<0.001	1.56	(1.48 - 1.64)	<0.001
Previous stroke or TIA	1.14	(1.09 - 1.20)	<0.001	0.98	(0.93 - 1.03)	0.34
Urolithiasis	1.20	(1.10 - 1.30)	<0.001	1.08	(0.99 - 1.18)	0.07
Obesity	1.46	(1.42 - 1.49)	<0.001	1.32	(1.29 - 1.36)	<0.001
Current/ex-smoker	1.04	(1.01 - 1.07)	0.01	0.98	(0.95 - 1.01)	0.19
Alcohol excess	1.27	(1.20 - 1.34)	<0.001	1.10	(1.04 - 1.17)	<0.001
Diuretic therapy	1.81	(1.76 - 1.87)	<0.001	1.49	(1.44 - 1.55)	<0.001