Table 3:
Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography for a cardiac tamponade after cardiac surgery
| Overall | TTE and TEE |
TTE |
TEE |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 410 | n = 361 | n = 54 | ||||
| Sensitivity | 61.8% | (52.0–70.8) | 64.7% | (53.5–74.6) | 52.0% | (31.8–71.7) |
| Specificity | 93.7% | (90.3–96.0) | 95.5% | (92.2–97.5) | 75.9% | (56.1–89.0) |
| PPV | 77.3% | (66.9–85.2) | 80.8% | (69.2–89.0) | 65.0% | (40.9–83.7) |
| NPV | 87.6% | (83.5–90.8) | 90.2% | (86.1–93.2) | 62.9% | (44.9–78.0) |
| AUC | 0.778 | (0.719–0.836) P < 0.001 | 0.801 | (0.737–0.865) P < 0.001 | 0.639 | (0.489–0.790) P = 0.08 |
| ≤24 h | n = 78 | n = 43 | n = 35 | |||
| Sensitivity | 36.8% | (17.2–61.4) | 40.0% | (7.3–83.0) | 35.7% | (14.0–64.4) |
| Specificity | 91.5% | (80.6–96.8) | 94.7% | (80.9–99.1) | 85.7% | (62.6–96.2) |
| PPV | 58.3% | (28.6–83.5) | 40.0% | (9.2–90.8) | 62.5% | (25.9–89.8) |
| NPV | 81.8% | (70.0–89.9) | 92.3% | (78.3–98.0) | 66.7% | (46.0–82.8) |
| AUC | 0.642 | (0.486–0.798) P = 0.06 | 0.674 | (0.380–0.968) P = 0.21 | 0.607 | (0.410–0.805) P = 0.29 |
| 24–72 h | n = 127 | n = 120 | n = 7a | |||
| Sensitivity | 50.0% | (30.4–69.6) | 52.0% | (31.7–71.7) | – | |
| Specificity | 95.0% | (88.3–98.2) | 98.9% | (93.4–99.9) | – | |
| PPV | 72.2% | (46.4–89.3) | 92.9% | (64.2–99.6) | – | |
| NPV | 88.1% | (80.1–93.2) | 88.7% | (80.7–93.8) | – | |
| AUC | 0.755 | (0.598–0.852) P < 0.001 | 0.755 | (0.626–0.884) P < 0.001 | – | |
| >72 h | n = 222 | n = 210 | n = 12a | |||
| Sensitivity | 73.8% | (61.2–83.6) | 72.7% | (59.0–83.9) | – | |
| Specificity | 93.6% | (88.3–96.7) | 93.6% | (88.5–96.9) | – | |
| PPV | 82.8% | (70.1–91.0) | 80.0% | (68.3–88.2) | – | |
| NPV | 89.6% | (83.7–97.7) | 90.6% | (86.2–93.7) | – | |
| AUC | 0.837 | (0.770–0.905) P < 0.001 | 0.831 | (0.757–0.905) P < 0.001 | – | |
AUC: area under curve; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; TEE: transoesophageal echocardiography; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography.
a
Insufficient data for analysis.