Figure 6.

Effect of CAV-1 overexpression on the cytoprotective role of PB2 against extracellular matrix accumulation and inflammation in Mes13 cells. Cells transfected with or without CAV-1 were treated with PB2 (25 µM) under HG conditions (25 mM) for 12 h. (A) Expression levels of collagen IV and fibronectin, and TGF-β1/SMAD signaling-related proteins, were assessed by western blot analysis and statistically analyzed. (B) Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and statistically analyzed. (C) Activation of NF-κB was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis. Scale bar, 25 µm. All data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^**P<0.01 vs. CT-HG; ^##P<0.01 vs. CT-HG + PB2 (25 µM). PB2, procyanidin B2; HG, high glucose; CAV-1, caveolin-1; CT, control; TF, CAV-1 transfection.