Effects of various culture conditions on growth of strains and transfer of plasmids pBC16 and pXO16::Tn5401 in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. (A, C, and E) Studies with B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS82(pBC16) and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 658 cry Smr. Symbols: ●, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS82(pBC16); ○, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 658 cry Smr; ■, transconjugant. (B, D, and F) Studies with B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS78(pXO16::Tn5401) and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis GBJ002. Symbols: ●, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS78(pXO16::Tn5401); ○, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis GBJ002; ■, transconjugant. The effects of temperature (A and B), pH (C and D), and NaCl concentration (E and F) were examined. The dashed lines indicate the detection limit. The error bars indicate the least significant differences of the means (n = 3; P < 0.05).