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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Can J Cardiol. 2019 Apr 12;35(9):1208–1219. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.04.002

Table 1.

Classification of CRS

Classification Timing Primary organ affected Description Examples of disease states
CRS type 1 (acute cardiorenal) Acute Heart Acute heart failure causing acute kidney injury

  • Acute decompensation of chronic heart failure

  • Acute heart failure secondary to ischemia, valvulopathy, or dysrhythmia

  • Isolated right heart failure
CRS type 2 (chronic cardiorenal) Chronic Heart Chronic heart failure causing chronic kidney disease

  • Chronic heart failure
CRS type 3 (acute renocardiac) Acute Kidneys Acute kidney injury leading to acute heart failure

  • Urinary tract obstruction

  • Acute renal failure (eg, glomerulonephritis)

  • Renal transplantation

  • Bilateral renal artery stenosis
CRS type 4 (chronic renocardiac) Chronic Kidneys Chronic kidney disease leading to chronic heart failure

  • Chronic kidney disease
CRS type 5 (systemic disease) Acute or chronic Heart and kidneys Systemic disease causing concomitant heart failure and kidney disease (acute or chronic)

  • Sepsis

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Cirrhosis

  • Infiltrative disease

  • Vasculitis

CRS, cardiorenal syndrome.

Data from Ronco et al.10