Table 1.
Clinic characteristics at baseline (N = 41)
| N | % | |
| MOUD capability | ||
| Start-up | 25 | 61.0 |
| Scale-up | 16 | 39.0 |
| Rurality | ||
| Urban/Metropolitan | 34 | 82.9 |
| Rural | 7 | 17.1 |
| Primary care shortage | ||
| Non-medically underserved area | 25 | 61.0 |
| Medically underserved area | 16 | 39.0 |
| Clinic type | ||
| FQHC | 28 | 68.3 |
| FQHC Look-Alikes | 2 | 4.9 |
| Ambulatory Care Clinic | 7 | 17.1 |
| Indian Health Service Clinic | 4 | 9.8 |
| Organization patient panel size | ||
| Small (0–14,999 patients) | 15 | 36.6 |
| Medium (15,000–59,999 patients) | 11 | 26.8 |
| Large (≥60,000 patients) | 15 | 36.6 |
| Mean | SD | |
| General organization characteristics | ||
| Unique patients | 63,416.4 | 135,035.2 |
| Employees | 909.3 | 2,135.1 |
| General clinic characteristics | ||
| Physicians | 16.3 | 34.2 |
| Certified nurse practitioner | 4.6 | 6.0 |
| Physician assistants | 1.8 | 2.5 |
| Addiction certified physicians | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Psychiatrists | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| Addiction certified psychiatrists | 0.4 | 0.9 |
| Mental health & addiction certified behavioral clinicians | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| MOUD characteristics | ||
| Prescribers | 20.4 | 33.8 |
| X-waivered prescribers | 4.9 | 4.7 |
| Active x-waivered prescribers | 3.6 | 8.0 |
| X-waivered prescribers (%) | 41.3 | 28.5 |
| Patients with OUD | 79.1 | 180.3 |
| Patients prescribed MOUD | 29.6 | 80.7 |
| Patients prescribed MOUD (%) | 44.4 | 33.6 |
| Insurance type | ||
| Patients on Medicaid (%) | 59 | 19 |
| Patients on Medicare (%) | 12 | 17 |
| Patients with dual eligibility (%) | 7 | 9 |
| Patients on private insurance (%) | 8 | 12 |
| Uninsured patients (%) | 16 | 12 |