Table 1.
Child and maternal demographic characteristics*
| Characteristics | Cross-sectional (N = 1950) |
Longitudinal (N = 304) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child | N | %/mean | IQR/SD | N | %/mean | IQR/SD | |||
| Sex, female (%) | 1049 | 53.8 | 161 | 53.0 | |||||
| Child ethnicity | |||||||||
| Dutch (%) | 1229 | 63.0 | 233 | 76.6 | |||||
| Non western (%) | 527 | 27.0 | 54 | 17.8 | |||||
| Other western (%) | 174 | 8.9 | 17 | 5.6 | |||||
| Missing (%) | 20 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Handedness | |||||||||
| Right (%) | 1747 | 89.6 | 271 | 89.1 | |||||
| Left (%) | 198 | 10.2 | 32 | 10.5 | |||||
| Missing (%) | 5 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.3 | |||||
| IQ (mean, SD) | 1928 | 97.5 | ± 12.3 | 290 | 97.4 | ± 11.7 | |||
| CBCL attention problems (median, IQR) | 1937 | 2.2 | 1.0–5.0 | 192 | 3.0 | 1.0–5.5 | |||
| Mean/median | IQR/SD | Range | W1 | IQR/SD | Range | W2 | IQR/SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRS weighted total score (median, IQR) | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.0–2.6 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.0–2.7 | 0.2 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.0–1.9 |
| Age (years) at SRS assessment (mean, SD) | 13.5 | ± 0.4 | 12.5–16.2 | 6.2 | ± 0.5 | 4.9–8.9 | 13.5 | ± 0.4 | 12.6–16.6 |
| Age (years) at MRI scan (mean, SD) | 13.8 | ± 0.6 | 12.6–16.4 | 8.0 | ± 1.0 | 6.2–10.7 | 14.1 | ± 0.6 | 13.0–16.6 |
| Maternal | N | % | N | % | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education level | |||||||||
| High | 1099 | 56.4 | 191 | 62.8 | |||||
| Medium | 623 | 31.9 | 104 | 34.2 | |||||
| Low | 41 | 2.1 | 4 | 1.3 | |||||
| Missing | 187 | 9.6 | 5 | 1.6 | |||||
| Monthly household income | |||||||||
| High | 1495 | 76.7 | 244 | 80.3 | |||||
| Medium | 198 | 10.2 | 37 | 12.2 | |||||
| Low | 104 | 5.3 | 10 | 3.3 | |||||
| Missing | 153 | 7.8 | 13 | 4.3 | |||||
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||||||||
| Never | 1327 | 67.7 | 222 | 73.0 | |||||
| Until pregnancy was known | 147 | 7.5 | 17 | 5.6 | |||||
| Continued during pregnancy | 262 | 13.3 | 51 | 16.8 | |||||
| Missing | 153 | 11.5 | 14 | 4.6 | |||||
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | |||||||||
| Never | 599 | 30.7 | 86 | 28.3 | |||||
| Until pregnancy was known | 243 | 12.5 | 38 | 12.5 | |||||
| Continued occasionally | 640 | 32.8 | 115 | 37.8 | |||||
| Continued frequently (at least 1 glass | 188 | 9.6 | 46 | 15.1 | |||||
| a week for at least 2 trimesters) | |||||||||
| Missing | 280 | 14.4 | 19 | 6.2 |
*SRS, Social Responsiveness Scale; CBCL, Child Behavioral Checklist