Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants and baseline comparison among three groups at pre-test
|
Control (n = 45)
|
Hypnosis (n = 45)
|
PMR (n = 45)
|
Hypnosis & PMR vs control
|
Hypnosis vs PMR
|
||||||||
|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
M
|
SD
|
t
/χ2
|
P
value
|
Cohen’s d
/Cramer’s φ
|
t
/χ2
|
P
value
|
Cohen’s d
/Cramer’s φ
|
|
| Female, n | 17 | 27 | 26 | 5.35 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.02 | |||
| Age | 20.94 | 0.94 | 20.76 | 1.05 | 20.84 | 0.85 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 0.08 | -0.44 | 0.66 | 0.08 |
| Education | 14.71 | 0.84 | 14.80 | 1.14 | 14.96 | 0.82 | -0.97 | 0.33 | 0.18 | -0.76 | 0.45 | 0.16 |
| SHSS | 8.08 | 1.92 | 7.88 | 1.80 | 7.57 | 1.45 | 1.13 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.18 |
| TAS score | 8.66 | 1.33 | 23.74 | 1.63 | 23.97 | 2.42 | 45.03 | < 0.001 | 8.77 | 0.53 | 0.60 | 0.11 |
| STAI score | ||||||||||||
| Trait | 36.78 | 1.75 | 49.38 | 3.14 | 50.20 | 2.47 | 28.14 | < 0.001 | 5.51 | 1.38 | 0.17 | 0.29 |
| State | 36.06 | 1.89 | 48.34 | 2.92 | 49.14 | 2.59 | 27.59 | < 0.001 | 5.33 | 1.37 | 0.17 | 0.29 |
| Speeded detection | ||||||||||||
| Threatening words | -6.99 | 212.68 | -381.10 | 159.76 | -397.49 | 189.92 | -10.37 | < 0.001 | 1.89 | -0.94 | 0.35 | 0.19 |
| Positive words | -403.62 | 163.41 | -219.88 | 170.82 | -226.21 | 254.62 | 4.95 | < 0.001 | 0.94 | -0.14 | 0.89 | 0.03 |
| Slowed disengagement | ||||||||||||
| Threatening words | 111.19 | 341.38 | 379.48 | 437.92 | 431.94 | 386.65 | 4.14 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.13 |
| Positive words | 100.93 | 291.41 | -173.90 | 353.80 | -113.31 | 403.44 | -3.80 | < 0.001 | 0.72 | 0.76 | 0.45 | 0.16 |
False Discovery Rate correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the P values.
PMR: Progressive muscle relaxation; SHSS: Stanford hypnotic susceptibility scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; TAS: Test anxiety scale.